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Physiology > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two general roles of the pancreas?

A

Exocrine and endocrine function

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2
Q

What are the two protective roles that the pancreas has in it exocrine role?

A

Secrete bicarb and mucus

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3
Q

What is the exocrine digestive role of the pancreas?

A

Enzyme secretion

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4
Q

How do pancreatic secretions make it into the duodenum?

A

Pancreatic duct>common bile duct

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5
Q

What are the cells that make up the glands of the pancreas?

A

Acinar cells, ductal cells, and goblet cells

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6
Q

What is the function of acinar cells of the pancreas?

A

Protein synthesis

Secretion of enzymes/fluid

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7
Q

What is the function of ductal cells?

A

bicarb secretion
Ion transport
Fluid transport

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8
Q

What are the functions of the goblet cells of the pancreas?

A

Mucin secretion (hydrating, protecting, immunity)

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9
Q

What is the function of Trypsinogen? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Protein digestion

Inactive

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10
Q

What is the function of chymotrypsin? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Protein digestion

Inactive

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11
Q

What is the function of proelastase? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Protein digestion

Inactive

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12
Q

What is the function of proprotease E? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Protein digestion

Inactive

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13
Q

What is the function of Procarboxypeptidase B? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Protein digestion

Inactive

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14
Q

What is the function of Procarboxypeptidase B? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Protein digestion

Inactive

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15
Q

What is the function of alpha amylase? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Carb digeston

active

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16
Q

What is the function of carboxyl ester lipase? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Lipid digestion

Active

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17
Q

What is the function of lipase? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Lipid digestion

Active

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18
Q

What is the function of RNase? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Nucleotide digestion

Active

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19
Q

What is the function of DNase? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Nucleotide digestion

Active

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20
Q

What is the function of colipase? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Helps lipase with Lipid digestion

Active

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21
Q

What is the function of Trypsin inhibitor? Is this secreted in an inactive, or active form?

A

Inhibits trypsin

Active

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22
Q

What is the function of CCK and Ach in the pancreas?

A

Release of enzyme vesicles from the acinar cells of the pancreas

Activation of Cl channel

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23
Q

What is the function of VIP and CCK?

A

VIP enhances the release of enzymes that CCK causes

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24
Q

What happens when CCK increases to an extremely high level?

A

Negative feedback

25
Q

What is the effect of CCK on the gallbladder?

A

Contraction

26
Q

What is the effect of CCK on the pancreas?

A

Acinar secretion

27
Q

What is the effect of CCK on the stomach?

A

Reduced emptying

28
Q

What is the effect of CCK on the sphincter of oddi?

A

Relaxation

29
Q

What prevents the activation of pancreatic enzymes within vesicle/duct? (3)

A
  1. Inactive form of enzymes
  2. Vesicle contain a trypsin inhibitor
  3. Low pH of vesicles
30
Q

How is trypsinogen activated?

A

Enteropeptidase in duodenal wall (from the crypts of Lieberkuhn)

31
Q

How is chymotrypsinogen activated?

A

Activated trypsin

32
Q

How is proelastase activated?

A

Activated trypsin

33
Q

How is procarboxypeptidase activated?

A

Activated trypsin

34
Q

What is the protective function of secretin on the pancreas?

A

Secreted by duodenum, and induces pancreatic duct cells to secrete bicarb (via activation of bicarb/Cl transporter)

35
Q

What is the negative feedback mechanism that secretin plays a role in with the stomach to protect the duodenum? (3)

A
  1. Increases somatostatin
  2. Decrease gastrin
  3. Decreases proton pump expression
36
Q

Pancreatic secretions during the interdigestive periods parallel what physiologic pattern?

A

The migrating motor complex

37
Q

What are the three regulators of the cyclical pattern of secretion of pancreatic enzymes?

A
  1. Stimulation via parasymp
  2. Stimulation CCK
  3. Inhibition via alpha-adrenergic input (somatostatin and peptide YY)
38
Q

What is the primary regulator of pancreatic secretion during the fed state?

39
Q

What are the three phases of pancreatic secretion?

A
  1. Cephalic
  2. Gastric
  3. Intestinal
40
Q

What is the stimulant for the cephalic phase of pancreatic secretion?

A

Sight smell, mastication

Vagal pathways

41
Q

What is the stimulant for the gastric phase of pancreatic secretion?

A

Digestion, gastrin, peptides

Vagal/gastrin

42
Q

What are the stimuli that increase acid secretion intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion? What hormone mediates the increase in acid secretion?

A

AAs, FAs, H+

CCK from AAs and FAs
Secretin from H+

43
Q

What is the function of S cells?

A

Sense gastric acid and secrete Secretin (causes HCO3 to be produced from the pancreas

44
Q

What chemicals are the most potent stimulators of I cells? What does stimulation of I cells produce?

A

Lipids

Causes CCK to be released

45
Q

What is the effect of Vagal stimulation (mediated by ACh) on ductal and acinar cells?

A

Increases HCO3 and Enzyme release

46
Q

What are the sequelae of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Malabsorption syndrome

CA

47
Q

Aberrant release of/blocked flow of pancreatic enzymes leads to what?

A

Autodigestion of the pancreas / leakage into the blood

48
Q

What are the two main regulators of pancreatic exocrine secretions?

A

Ach and CCK

49
Q

Lipids are the most potent stimulators of I cells to release CCK. What does this caused?

A

Delays gastric emptying

Increases bile and pancreatic secretion

50
Q

Which cells of the pancreas are highly efficient at protein synthesis?

A

Acinar cells

51
Q

Which cells of the pancreas primarily secrete fluid and HCO3?

A

Ductal cells

52
Q

Which cells of the pancreas specialize in the synthesis of mucin and secretion?

A

Goblet cells

53
Q

The primary stimulus for the secretion of pancreatic enzymes by acinar cells via what neurotransmitter, and what endocrine molecule?

A

ACh and CCK

54
Q

What endocrine or neurotransmitter would you want to give a patient to induce secretion of fluid from the pancreas? What transporter does this stimulate?

A

CCK or ACh

Stimulates Cl/HCO3 transporter

55
Q

What hormone does the duodenum secrete to induce pancreatic duct cells to secrete more HCO3?

56
Q

What are the four major protective effects of secretin? (hint, three decrease acid secretion from the stomach)

A
  1. Induces pancreatic ductal cells to secrete HCO3
  2. Induces D cells to release somatostatin
  3. Decreases gastrin release from G cells
  4. Decreases H+ ion channels of the parietal cells
57
Q

The amount of pancreatic enzyme secretion is dependent upon the meal type. In general (BLANK) induce the greatest increase in pancreatic secretions in the fed state.

58
Q

What is the intracellular ion that is associated with pancreatitis?

Physiology (75 decks)

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