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Hot topics in Neurology and Psychiatry > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

what is sleep

A

sleep is a quickly reversible state characterized by decreased reactivity, decreased motor activity and decreased metabolism

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2
Q

functions of sleep

A 
physically restorative
energy saving 
synaptic downscaling
emotional functioning
cognitive functioning
immune system
brain rinsing
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3
Q

what is brain rinsing

A

removing fluid build up from the day.

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4
Q

what drives sleep ? (2 factors)

A
  • circadian rythem (dus door zonlicht en biologische klok, dsu external factoren)
  • sleep pressure (Process S) -> hoe erg je lichaam slaap nodig heeft.
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5
Q

wat gebeurde er tijdens het cave experiment

A

de internal clock werd langer (48)

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6
Q

memory consolidation door…

A
  • encoding
  • consolidation REM en SWS
  • recall
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7
Q

consolidation =

A

versterking

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8
Q

targeted memory reactivation

A

up state cue: als de brainwave omhoog gaat presenteren ze de informatie. Zo onthoud je het sneller.

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9
Q

rythm meten via…

A

sleep diary en actigraphy (watch that watches movement during sleep)

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10
Q

what is nocturnal sleep and how is it measured?

A
  • Physiology Nighttime, or major, sleep period dictated by the circadian rhythm of sleep and wakefulness; the conventional time for sleeping
  • polysomnography –> brain activity meten via EEG en muscle tone en eyemovements
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11
Q

daytime functioning

A

multi sleep latency test -> to see how well they stay awake

vigilance test -> to see how well they function during the day

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12
Q

waarom wordt muscle tone gemeten met de PSG

A
  • om nocturnal restlessness te meten

en om tussen verschillende sleep stages te differentieren

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13
Q

waves van klein naar groot van EEG

A

beta
alpha
theta
delta

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14
Q

hoe zie je dat iemand wakker is op een EEG?

A

eye movement en alpha signal

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15
Q

wat is stage 1

A

beginnen met in slaap vallen.
je ziet hier:
slowing of activity
rolling of eyes

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16
Q

wat is stage 2

A

consolidation:

  • k complexes
  • sleep spindles
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17
Q

SWS

A

slow wave sleep. met delta activity.

18
Q

REM sleep

A

rapid eye movement
‘wake’ EEG
eye movement

19
Q

wat is een hypnogram

A

A hypnogram is a form of polysomnography; it is a graph that represents the stages of sleep as a function of time.

20
Q

wanneer dromen mensen vooral

A

in de ochtend

21
Q

wat is de volgorde van slapen tot wakker worden?

A

stage 1, stage 2, slow wave sleep, rapid eye movement

22
Q

sleep disorders

A 
insomnia
hypersomnia (narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia)
circadian disorders
sleep-related breathing disorders
parasomnias
23
Q

fatigue =/=

A

sleepiness.

24
Q

fatigue betekentis

A

lack of energy to do something, to be tired, not be able to do activities you want to do

25
Q

sleepiness

A

you cannot stay awake.

26
Q

insomnia als…

A 
meer dan 3 maanden complaints. 
interfere with daily live. 
prevalence: 1% worldwide
effects on wakeful functioning
often associated with comorbidity such as depression
27
Q

liever therapie dan…

A

medicatie

28
Q

wat kan je tegen insomnia doen?

A 
sleep wake diary
stimulus control (geen telefoon etc)
sleep restriction
relaxation exercises
physical exercises
29
Q

sleep misperception

A

vaak slapen mensen wel maar realiseren zij dit niet.

30
Q

narcolepsy

A

excessive daytime sleepiness. disturbed emotion regulation -> cataplexy. also sleep paralysis (wakker zijn maar niet kunnen bewegen) and hypnagogic hallucinations. concentration problems. Maar ze behouden wel hun bewustzijn, dus niet hetzelfde als fainting.

31
Q

wat zijn de cataplexy triggers en waar komen ze bij voor?

A

bij narcolepsy, disturbed emotions. vaak positive emoties zoals excessive hard lachen, telling a joke etc.

32
Q

wanneer is de onset van narcolepsy

A

adolescence.

33
Q

wat is de ethiology

A

unknown (misschien autoimmune/trigger related)

34
Q

wat is er met hypocretin

A

normaal detectable in humans, maar niet in deze patienten. -> general loss of hypocretin in the lateral hypothalamus.

35
Q

wat doet het hypocretin?

A

dit blokkeert slaap.

36
Q

normaal…

A

ligt de balans overdag bij wake (LC, TMN raphe), dit wordt gestimuleerd door hypocretin. snachts gaat het dan naar sleep (VLPO)

37
Q

maar bij de narcolepsy patienten

A

is dit hypocretin er niet, en dus is de balans verstoord: geen goed onderscheid tussen dag en nacht.

38
Q

multi sleep latency test MSLT

A

to quantify excessive daytime sleepiness

5 naps spread over 1 day.

39
Q

wat zie je bij deze test bij narcolepsy:

A

means sleep latency is groter dan 8 minuten en meerdere naps met REM sleep.

40
Q

treatment for narcolepsy?

A

lifestyle (regular bed times, planned naps)
psychostimulants -> modafinil, methylphenidate (ritalin)
antidepressants
sodium oxybate

Hot topics in Neurology and Psychiatry (50 decks)

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