Animal models

Question 1

wat is er met oligodendrocytes in MS

Answer 1

loss of oligodendrocytes

Question 2

majority of patients has which form of MS?

Answer 2

RRMS

Question 3

pathology in MS

Answer 3

• perivascular infiltration and migration of leukocytes
• local activation of glial cells
• demyelination
• axonal damage and loss

Question 4

predictive validity

Answer 4

how well the model can predict the unknown aspects of the disease

Question 5

face validity

Answer 5

how well the model can show the disease phenotype (symptoms)

Question 6

construct validity

Answer 6

how well the mechanism is used to induce the phenotype in the model -> how it represents the etiology that we know

Question 7

models in MS

Answer 7

• Transgenic animals (mice): spontaneous demyelination; selective gene overexpression to determine function
• Theiler virus-mediated demyelination (mice)
• Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (non-human primates and mice and rats)
  Acute: myelin peptide + adjuvant
  Adoptive transfer: myelin-specific CD4+ T-cells from
  lymph nodes transferred to control mice
  Chronic: myelin peptide + adjuvant
  -Demyelinating models-Cuprizone(oral)-Lysolecithin(local)

Question 8

what does an adjuvant do

Answer 8

it activates the immune system so that it responds to the peptide you inject

Question 9

acute

Answer 9

they develop one course of clinical symptoms, and after that no more.

Question 10

adoptive transfer definition

Answer 10

you induce the disease in naive animal (that has not had the disease yet)

Question 11

which model is most representative for MS?

Answer 11

the chronic one: myelin peptide + adjuvantt

Question 12

how does an adoptive transfer work?

Answer 12

animals injecteren met myelin peptide + adjuvant. Their immune system gets activated. You take lymph nodes from these animals, and inject the t cells of these mice in naive mice. These naive mice will then also develop the disease. You transfer the disease pathology to another animal.

Question 13

nog een keer in korte woorden de 3 soorten validity

Answer 13

predictive: the unknown mechanism
face: the symptoms
construct: the known mechanism

Question 14

TG2 influence

Answer 14

it is involved in microglial adhesion. therefore if you lack this -> decreased demyelination

Question 15

barnes maze

Answer 15

the mice need to learn where the hole is. they get tested on how long they take