Gender identity, sex hormones and the brain

Question 1

wat komt meer voor bij meiden

Answer 1

anxiety and depression

Question 2

regional sex differences in volume and tissue density

Answer 2

amygdala, hippocampus, insula

Question 3

als er 2 soorten breinen zouden zijn dan..

Answer 3

zou er dimorphism moeten zijn, en internal consistency

Question 4

hoe heet deze weinig overlap:

Answer 4

dimorphism

Question 5

en was er dimorphism?

Answer 5

nee, er is juist heel veel overlap tussen mannen en vrouwen breinen

Question 6

wat is internal consistency

Answer 6

dat er binnen een bepaald brein (man/vrouw) veel overeenkomst is. maar dit is niet zo: mannen en vrouwen breinen kunnen alletwee meer mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn

Question 7

what is the typical development of males and female gender identity

Answer 7

male: wel testosteron
female: geen testosteron

Question 8

atypical development

Answer 8

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 9

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

Answer 9

has X and Y, so therefore is male, but insensitive to androgens (male hormones). therefore might have female physical traits + has female gender identity and role.

Question 10

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 10

hebben xx, maar ook testosteron. Daarom vaak vrouwelijke gender identity maar male gender role. vaak gender dysphoria

Question 11

during life differences is men and women…

Answer 11

early life stress, makeup, alcohol –> epigenetic changes

Question 12

welke delen van de trimesters leiden tot wat?

Answer 12

1st trimester: genitals

2/3rd trimester: brain

Question 13

trans women nucleus…

Answer 13

looks like female nucleus

Question 14

ttranswomen treatment

Answer 14

anti-androgen and estrogen

Question 15

wat krijgen transwomen door die treatment

Answer 15

minder brain volume, minder cortical thickness

Question 16

sexual differentiation hypothesis

Answer 16

The classic model of sexual differentiation suggests that genetic and hormonal messages are the main factors in initiating sexual differentiation of the male and female brain. Mainly, sexual differentiation is initiated by the presence of the sex-determining region Y (Sry) gene located on the Y chromosome.

Question 17

transmen treatment

Answer 17

androgen, bigger brain volume and cortical thicknesss

Question 18

testosteron is..

Answer 18

an androgen

Question 19

trans men increase in cth in….

Answer 19

mesial temporal and insular cortices

Question 20

trans women decrease in

Answer 20

all cth

Question 21

neuroimaging studies in adolescents with GD

Answer 21

early onset
gender identity developement in adolescence
effects puberty suppression

Question 22

transgender brain phenotype

Answer 22

seem to present with own unique brain phenotype, rather than shifting towards one end of male-female spectrum

Question 23

waar zitten meer similarities with gender identity: functional or structural

Answer 23

functional

Question 24

body perception hypothesis

Answer 24

there is a difference in body perception networks in children with gender dysphoria