Development of the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

what is important in the development of the CNS?

A

precise coordination and orchestration

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2
Q

volgorde neuronal development

A

neural plate with ecotoderm surface aan buitenkant

neural groove with neural folds

neural crest tussen de folds

neural tube, met surface ectoderm erboven

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3
Q

rostral

A

neus

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4
Q

caudal

A

onderkant hoofd (cerebellum)

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5
Q

3 soorten voorbrein

A

prosencephalon (forebrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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6
Q

waar veranderen de 3 originele structuren in

A

prosencephalon -> telencephalon, diencephalon
mesencephalon -> mesencephalon
rhombencephalon -> metencephalon, myencephalon
spinal cord

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7
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral cortex, white matter, basal ganglia

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8
Q

diencephalon

A

epithalamus (pineal gland), dorsal thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, third ventricle

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9
Q

mesencephalon

A

tectum, tegmentum, cerebral penduncles

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10
Q

pons

A

nuclei, fibre tracts

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11
Q

cerebellum

A

cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclei, cerebellar peduncles

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12
Q

medulla oblongata

A

nuclei, fibre tracts

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13
Q

brain flextures 1,2,3

A
  1. cephalic flexure
  2. cervical flexure
  3. pontine flexure
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14
Q

na hoelang is dit?

A

na 40 dagen

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15
Q

which one increases the most in size?

A

telencephalon

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16
Q

temporalisation =

A

covering the insula, hemispheric c-shape

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17
Q

the surface of the telencephalon…

A

The surface of the telencephalon is very smooth, en het kan dus alleen over zichzelf heen vouwen. Door de vouwen kan er meer van het brein in een kleine region passen.

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18
Q

wat is de insula?

A

The insula is the starting point of the production of the rest of the cortex.

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19
Q

the human brain develops slowly…

A

dus daardoor kunnen environmental factors een invloed op het brein uitspelen. Ook leidt dit tot susceptibility for developmental disorders.

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20
Q

definition age of onset

A

wanneer je de symptomen kan zien

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21
Q

welke 3 disorders starten voor de adolescence?

A

autism, ADHD, intellectual disabilites

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22
Q

welke kan het hele leven ongeveer door opkomen?

A

anxiety

23
Q

onset in 20-30 years

A

schizophrenia, substance abuse, mood disorders

24
Q

na 35

A

huntingtons disease, parkinsons, alzheimers

25
Q

hoeveel neurons ongeveer?

A

86.1 billion

26
Q

synaps pruning

A

12 tot 16 jaar

27
Q

hoeveel synapses per seconde

A

700.000

28
Q

maken van CNS eeste deel voor birth afgelopen

A
ventricular zone
neurogenesis
neuronal migration
astrogliogenesis
subplate zone
TCA ingrowth into CP
6-layered grundtypus
29
Q

deel tijdens, deel na birth

A

astroglialgenesis
oligodendrogenesis
synaptogenesis

30
Q

na birth

A

myelination, synaptic pruning

31
Q

functional maturation of the CNS

A

dendritic outgrowth
axonal outgrowth
synapse formation
myelination of axons

32
Q

tot wanneer duurt functional maturation

A

tot in early childhood

33
Q

6 cell layers of the neocortex

A

molecular layer

small pyramidal layer
medium pyramidal layer
granular layer
larhe pyramidal layer
polymorphic layer
34
Q

hoe wordt de cortex ontwikkeld?

A

INSIDE OUT.

35
Q

wat is het brein tov de spinal cord

A

omgekeerd (white matter bij hersenen binnen, bij spinal cord buiten)

36
Q

waar gaan de neuronen zich eerst verstigen?

A

in de onderste laag, de ventricular zone.

37
Q

wat krijg je zo?

A

een cohesive network.

38
Q

wat is de volgorde

A
6 ventricular zone
5 subventricular zone
4 intermediate zone
3 subplate
2 cortical plate 
1 marginal zone
meninges
39
Q

glial cell genesis

A

astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are derived from radial glia –> both generate and migrate trough first 3 years.

40
Q

tot wanneer gaat myelination door?

A

30 jaar

41
Q

waar gaat de myelination door?

A

in de fronto-parieto-temporal association cortex.

42
Q

myelin inhibits…

A

synaptogenesis and plasticity –> extended window for learning

43
Q

wanneer begint de synaptogenesis

A

na 8 weken, meestal eerst in cervical spinal cord (reflex)

44
Q

dendrite formation

A

begins after 15 weeks

45
Q

waar is synaptogenesis

A

in alle regio’s

46
Q

transcriptome

A

spatiotemporal landscape of RNA species –> gives rise to the proteme

47
Q

regulome

A

DNA regulatory elements -> silencing or enhancing gene expression.

48
Q

epigenome

A

epigenetic features

49
Q

how many genes, protein coding and non-coding RNA

A

60.000, 19.000 protein coding, 25.000 not. rest are pseudogenes and regulatory elements

50
Q

epigenome werkzaamheden

A

DNA methylation

histon modification

51
Q

transcriptomes…

A

differ across time, space, sexes etc.

52
Q

micro RNA vs mRNA…

A

een gaat omhoog dan gaat de ander omlaag.

53
Q

long noncoding RNA

A

regulation of transcription