MS symptoms

Question 1

definition of MS

Answer 1

multiple scars in central nervous system

Question 2

waar is damage?

Answer 2

grey and white matter, axons and neurons

Question 3

er is loss of … en increase in …

Answer 3

tissue, fluids

Question 4

stats over ms

Answer 4

meer female, start tussen 20-40 jaar.

Question 5

symptoms

Answer 5

visual disturbances
muscle spasms 
mental changes in concentration
depression 
paranoia
uncontrollable laughter
limb weakness
bladder and bowel dysfunction
loss of sensation
visual disturbances
cognitive dysfunction
pain
tremor
fatigue
sexual function
walking ability
employment

Question 6

common symptoms relapsing remitting MS

Answer 6

optic neuritis, sensory symptoms

Question 7

optic neuritis

Answer 7

door inflammation of the optic nerve -> pain in eye movements and loss of vision in een oog, en loss of color.

Question 8

common symptoms primary progressive MS

Answer 8

motor symptoms, walking disability

Question 9

verschillende subtypes van MS

Answer 9

relapsing remitting ms
primary progressive ms
secondary progressive ms
progressive relapsing ms (rare!)

Question 10

myeline is found in..

Answer 10

white and grey matter. hierdoor dus ook pathologie in grey matter, maar minder aanwezig.

Question 11

life expectancy van ms

Answer 11

je overlijdt meestal niet van de MS zelf, maar van de symptomen (hoesten lukt niet meer)

Question 12

juxtacortical

Answer 12

adjacent to the cortex

Question 13

hoe kan je een nieuwe lesion zien?

Answer 13

door middel van contrast met T1. je spuit Gadolinium in en dit laat BBB breakdown zien, dus de inflammatory phase of lesion development.

Question 14

wat is nodig voor MS diagnose?

Answer 14

dissemination in space and in time.

Question 15

wat betekent dissseminaton in space and time?

Answer 15

This means showing that damage has occurred at different dates (DIT) and to different parts (DIS) of the central nervous system.

Question 16

primary progressive ms..

Answer 16

begint dus gelijk, dit staat op zichzelf, komt niet na RRMS. je hebt dus gelijk een decline zonder dat er remitting is.

Question 17

secondary progressive MS

Answer 17

nadat RRMS is gekomen, gaat 50% binnen 10 jaar naar secondary progressive ms.

Question 18

wat is goed en wat is slecht: relaps en remitting

Answer 18

relapse is slecht, remitting is goed

Question 19

alleen clinical symptoms, no dissemination in time and space on MRI

Answer 19

clinically isolated syndrome CIS

Question 20

alleen positive MRI, geen clinical MS symptoms

Answer 20

radiologically isolated syndrome RIS (gaan meestal voor een andere reden naar de huisarts dan ms symptomen)

Question 21

wel lesions maar nog geen degeneration

Answer 21

RIS

Question 22

wel lesions en clinical symptoms maar geen dissemination in type and space

Answer 22

CIS

Question 23

dus wat is de volgorde soms

Answer 23

RIS - CIS - RRMS - SPMS

Question 24

dus wat is nodig voor de diagnose

Answer 24

dissemination in time and space
history and complaints
mri of brain
mri of spinal cord
soms spinal fluid examination

Question 25

moeilijk het verschil zien tussen…

Answer 25

vascular lesions and MS

Question 26

common lesions in ms

Answer 26

corpus callosum, u fibers, periventricular, spinal cord, dawson fingers

Question 27

uncommon lesions in ms

Answer 27

basal nuclei

Question 28

hoe differentieren?

Answer 28

door Gd enhancement

Question 29

niet zeker weten is kijken naar…

Answer 29

csf.

Question 30

wat kan je zien in csf

Answer 30

oligoclonal bands, IgG index

Question 31

wat zijn risk factors of ms

Answer 31

genetic predisposition + environmental factors/infectious agent -> abnormal immune response -> MS (daarom ook optic neuritis)

Question 32

waar is treatment nu op gericht?

Answer 32

op het downplayen van het immuunsysteem tijdens de inflammatory period

Question 33

edss

Answer 33

expanded disability status schale, groter dan 4 bij ms

Question 34

diagnosis of MS requires

Answer 34

the elimination of other diseases

Question 35

wat kan ook spots geven

Answer 35

cavernous malformation