MS symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

definition of MS

A

multiple scars in central nervous system

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2
Q

waar is damage?

A

grey and white matter, axons and neurons

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3
Q

er is loss of … en increase in …

A

tissue, fluids

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4
Q

stats over ms

A

meer female, start tussen 20-40 jaar.

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5
Q

symptoms

A
visual disturbances
muscle spasms 
mental changes in concentration
depression 
paranoia
uncontrollable laughter
limb weakness
bladder and bowel dysfunction
loss of sensation
visual disturbances
cognitive dysfunction
pain
tremor
fatigue
sexual function
walking ability
employment
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6
Q

common symptoms relapsing remitting MS

A

optic neuritis, sensory symptoms

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7
Q

optic neuritis

A

door inflammation of the optic nerve -> pain in eye movements and loss of vision in een oog, en loss of color.

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8
Q

common symptoms primary progressive MS

A

motor symptoms, walking disability

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9
Q

verschillende subtypes van MS

A

relapsing remitting ms
primary progressive ms
secondary progressive ms
progressive relapsing ms (rare!)

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10
Q

myeline is found in..

A

white and grey matter. hierdoor dus ook pathologie in grey matter, maar minder aanwezig.

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11
Q

life expectancy van ms

A

je overlijdt meestal niet van de MS zelf, maar van de symptomen (hoesten lukt niet meer)

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12
Q

juxtacortical

A

adjacent to the cortex

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13
Q

hoe kan je een nieuwe lesion zien?

A

door middel van contrast met T1. je spuit Gadolinium in en dit laat BBB breakdown zien, dus de inflammatory phase of lesion development.

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14
Q

wat is nodig voor MS diagnose?

A

dissemination in space and in time.

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15
Q

wat betekent dissseminaton in space and time?

A

This means showing that damage has occurred at different dates (DIT) and to different parts (DIS) of the central nervous system.

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16
Q

primary progressive ms..

A

begint dus gelijk, dit staat op zichzelf, komt niet na RRMS. je hebt dus gelijk een decline zonder dat er remitting is.

17
Q

secondary progressive MS

A

nadat RRMS is gekomen, gaat 50% binnen 10 jaar naar secondary progressive ms.

18
Q

wat is goed en wat is slecht: relaps en remitting

A

relapse is slecht, remitting is goed

19
Q

alleen clinical symptoms, no dissemination in time and space on MRI

A

clinically isolated syndrome CIS

20
Q

alleen positive MRI, geen clinical MS symptoms

A

radiologically isolated syndrome RIS (gaan meestal voor een andere reden naar de huisarts dan ms symptomen)

21
Q

wel lesions maar nog geen degeneration

A

RIS

22
Q

wel lesions en clinical symptoms maar geen dissemination in type and space

A

CIS

23
Q

dus wat is de volgorde soms

A

RIS - CIS - RRMS - SPMS

24
Q

dus wat is nodig voor de diagnose

A
dissemination in time and space
history and complaints
mri of brain
mri of spinal cord
soms spinal fluid examination
25
Q

moeilijk het verschil zien tussen…

A

vascular lesions and MS

26
Q

common lesions in ms

A

corpus callosum, u fibers, periventricular, spinal cord, dawson fingers

27
Q

uncommon lesions in ms

A

basal nuclei

28
Q

hoe differentieren?

A

door Gd enhancement

29
Q

niet zeker weten is kijken naar…

A

csf.

30
Q

wat kan je zien in csf

A

oligoclonal bands, IgG index

31
Q

wat zijn risk factors of ms

A

genetic predisposition + environmental factors/infectious agent -> abnormal immune response -> MS (daarom ook optic neuritis)

32
Q

waar is treatment nu op gericht?

A

op het downplayen van het immuunsysteem tijdens de inflammatory period

33
Q

edss

A

expanded disability status schale, groter dan 4 bij ms

34
Q

diagnosis of MS requires

A

the elimination of other diseases

35
Q

wat kan ook spots geven

A

cavernous malformation