Stem cells

Question 1

3 qualities of stem cells

Answer 1

divide through mitosis
can differentiate
can self renew

Question 2

totipotent

Answer 2

embryo + placenta

Question 3

pluripotent

Answer 3

embryo

Question 4

multipotent

Answer 4

cells in one of the 3 layers (tissue stem cells)

Question 5

embryonic stem cells

Answer 5

pluripotent, from inner mass of blastocyst.

Question 6

bij welke stages horen de 3 types?

Answer 6

morula - toti
blastocyst - pluri
gastrula - multi

Question 7

waar zitten de neural stem cells?

Answer 7

subventricular en hippocampus

Question 8

maar waarom kunnen we hier niks mee?

Answer 8

door lastige harvest en immuunreactie

Question 9

hoe een somatic cell veranderen in ES

Answer 9

door nuclear programming

Question 10

welke 3 methoden voor nuclear programming

Answer 10

• cell fusion
• nuclear transfer
• defined factors

Question 11

dit kan doordat

Answer 11

somatic cells contain all the information needed for development to ESC-like states.

Question 12

somatic cell nuclear transfer

Answer 12

nucleus of somatic cell is inserted in denucleated oocyte. because of reactivation of genes, the differentiation process is reversed.

Question 13

nadelen scnt

Answer 13

• inefficient

- growth abnormalities

Question 14

defined factors

Answer 14

fibroblasts get factors that lead to induced pluripotent stem cells.

Question 15

checks for ipsc pluripotency

Answer 15

• ESC genes?
• can they differentiate into everything?
• epigenetic status?
• DNA abnormalities
• teratomas?

Question 16

ipsc in praktijk

Answer 16

• disease modeling
• drug development
• cell replacement therapy -> personalized medicine
• research

Question 17

is schizophrenia heritable?

Answer 17

ja, 80%

Question 18

causes of schizophrenia

Answer 18

• copy number variations -> dus in de ene persoon 1 kopie van een gen en in de andere meerdere (high risk!)
• single nucleotide polymorphisms
• defects in astrocytes

Question 19

ipsc technology gives the study of

Answer 19

• Human cells
• Development stages
• Specific cell types
• Cellular mechanisms / pathways

Question 20

cell replacement therapy

Answer 20

harvest cells
generate patients ipsc
correct the disease causing mutation
inject again

Question 21

challenges of IPSC

Answer 21

making specific cell types
variability of research (developmental stages etc)

-> improve protocols