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Histology > Skin Part 3 > Flashcards

Skin Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

sebaceous glands

A

alveolar, holocrine glands, consisting of branched acini

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2
Q

what is secreted in sebaceous glands?

A

entire cell

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3
Q

how many glands associated with each hair follicle in sebaceous glands?

A

one or more

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4
Q

how do sebaceous glands develop?

A

as outgrowths of external root sheath

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5
Q

what do sebaceous glands secrete? via?

A

oily sebum via pilosebaceous canal

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6
Q

what is sebum high in? (2)

A

lipid content and cell debris

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7
Q

what is sebum used for? (3)

A

waterproofing, moisturizing skin & hair

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8
Q

where are sebaceous glands also found?

A

non-haired transitional skin

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9
Q

where do sebaceous glands on non-haired transitional skin secrete?

A

secrete directly onto skin surface

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10
Q

Seborrhea is

A

excessive secretion of sebum

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11
Q

each hair follicle & associated arrector pili M & sebaceous gland =

A

pilosebaceous unit

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12
Q

Sweat glands

A

simple, coiled, tubular glands, surrounded by myoepithelial cells

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13
Q

sweat glands assist in

A

assist in secretion

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14
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

merocrine/eccrine

apocrine

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15
Q

Merocrine (= eccrine)

A

sweat glands—by definition, secrete only product

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16
Q

where are merocrine glands in the human body?

A

In humans, distributed over most of body surface, except lips & genitalia

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17
Q

morphology of merocrine glands, what type of ducts?

A

Unbranched, coiled, tubular glands with 1-2 layers of cuboidal to columnar epithelium with excretory ducts

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18
Q

Secrete sweat onto skin surface via — —on epidermal ridge

A

sweat pore

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19
Q

Sweat contains a hypotonic solution of (4)

A

salts, ammonia, urea, uric acid

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20
Q

sweat glands are Important in thermoregulation for

A

evaporative cooling

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21
Q

Body loses average of ~600 ml/day due to evaporation from (3)

A

lungs, skin, & mucous membranes

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22
Q

thermoregulatory sweating is — (parasympathetic)

A

cholinergic

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23
Q 
First occurs in (3)
last on (2)
A

axillae, forehead, scalp

hands & feet

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24
Q

emotional sweating is — (sympathetic) & begins on (2)

A

adrenergic

palms & soles

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25
Q

Alternative explanation:

A

sweat glands innervated by sympathetic, but cholinergic Nn—Don’t use adrenaline (exception to rule)

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26
Q

apocrine sweat glands secrete

A

product along with some cytoplasm

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27
Q

apocrine sweat gland morphology

A

Coiled, tubular glands with large dilatedlumina

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28
Q

apocrine glands are located in (2)

A

axillae, groin

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29
Q

when do apocrine glands develop?

A

at puberty

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30
Q

type of apocrine cells

A

Secretory, cuboidal epithelium, 2-3 cell layers thick, surround large glandular lumen

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31
Q

Apocrine glands discharge thick, viscid secretions into

A

hair follicle

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32
Q

what do apocrine gland secretions contain (5)

A

Contain proteins, carbohydrates, ammonia, lipids, & organic products

33
Q

Odorless when secreted, but bacterial breakdown results in

A

acrid odor

34
Q

apocrine glands in mammals serves as

A

sexual attractant, pheromone

35
Q

what are pheromones used in? (2)

A

scent marking, territoriality

36
Q

Secretion in apocrine glands is —

A

adrenergic

37
Q

Ceruminous (wax) glands in external auditory meatus (ear canal) are modified

A

apocrine glands

38
Q

Secretion produced is

A

cerumen (ear wax)

39
Q

Mammary glands develop along

A

paired epidermal ridges

40
Q

paired epidermal ridges in mammary glands

A

mammary ridges or milk lines

41
Q

mammary ridges or milk lines extend from

A

axillae to groin

42
Q

In humans, only first pair of glands along — — develops

A

milk line

43
Q

Highly modified apocrine sweat glands; identical in male & female until

A

puberty

44
Q

In female, develop under influence of (2)

A

pituitary & ovarian hormones

45
Q

following pregnancy, produce

A

milk to feed young

46
Q

At menopause, cause (2)

A

atrophy & involute

47
Q

Inactiveglands composed mainly of

A

dense, irregular, collagenous connective tissue, interspersed with adipose tissue & occasional smooth M.

48
Q

Tubulo-acinar glands organized into

A

secretory lobules

49
Q

mammary glands are drained by

A

terminal ducts

50
Q

terminal ducts drain into larger — — which empty into — — in region of nipple

A

lactiferous ducts

lactiferous sinus

51
Q

Pigmented region of epidermis surrounding nipple is

A

areola

52
Q

areola cell type

A

stratified squamous epithelium with deep dermal ridges

53
Q

mammary glands/areola contains numerous — —, including (2)

A

areolar glands

merocrine sweat & sebaceous glands

54
Q

During lactation, mammary glands enlarge due to (2)

A

hypertrophy of secretory cells & accumulation of secretory product

55
Q

First few days after birth, secrete

A

colostrum

56
Q

colostrum

A

alkaline, yellowish secretion, with high protein & salt content, low lipid & carbohydrate

57
Q

colostrum contains large amounts of

A

antibodies

58
Q

antibodies are important in transfer of

A

passive immunity to offspring

59
Q

Milk production is both

A

merocrine & apocrine

60
Q

Protein sec is 1’ —;

lipid fraction is 1’ —

A

merocrine

apocrine

61
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors/ touch receptors in dermal ridges of papillary layer

62
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles are especially prominent in (4)

A

hands, feet, lips, genitalia

63
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles structure

A

Cylindrical structures ~ 150 um long

64
Q

Afferent N fibers associated with minimally modified

A

Schwann cells

65
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors located in dermis & hypodermis

66
Q

Pacinian corpuscles structure

A

Large, ovoid structures (> 1 mm)

67
Q

Pacinian corpuscles are prominent in (2) to detect (2)

A

fingertips & around joints

mechanical & vibratory pressure

68
Q

Pacinian corpuscles consist of

A

afferent N fibers surrounded by highly modified Schwann cells—form concentric lamellae separated by fluid-filled spaces

69
Q

Ruffinicorpuscles

A

small dermal mechanoreceptors

70
Q

Ruffini corpuscles are especially common in

A

soles of feet

71
Q

“free” N endings—most numerous, present in (2) surround most

A

epidermis & papillary dermis—surround most hair follicles

72
Q

Ruffini corpuscles lack ((2)

A

connective tissue capsule & associated Schwann cells

73
Q

Serve multiple sensory modalities—(4)

A

heat/cold, touch, pain, movement

74
Q

Merkel cells

A

epidermal cells derived from neural crest

75
Q

Merkel cells look like

A

melanocytes

76
Q

where are merkel cells located?

A

stratum basale

77
Q

what do merkel cells contain?

A

dense core granules

78
Q

Pressure sensitive mechanoreceptors, associated with

A

free afferent N endings

Histology (32 decks)

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