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Histology > Oral Cavity and Tooth Development Part 2 > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Tooth Development Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

teeth are grossly divided into (2)

A

root & crown

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2
Q

Portion of tooth embedded in bone

A

tooth root

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3
Q

where is the tooth root located

A

part of the jaw called the alveolar ridge, in tooth socket called alveolus

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4
Q

portion of the tooth that projects into the oral cavity

A

crown

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5
Q

Protected by layer of highly

mineralized —, covers crown

A

enamel

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6
Q

Enamel

A

hard, translucent
substance, containing < 1% organic
material & 96-98% hydroxyapatite

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7
Q

enamel is — in origin

A

ectodermal

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8
Q

what is enamel secreted by

A

tall,

columnar ameloblastsof enamel organ

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9
Q

Apical, secretory end of ameloblast

forms single, large process,

A

Tome’s

process

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10
Q

Enamel mineralization is non-uniform,

resulting in highly calcified

A

enamel rods

or prisms

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11
Q

enamel rods

or prisms

A

roughly hexagonal, ~4-8m

in diameter

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12
Q

Separated by less mineralized

A

interprismatic material

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13
Q

Enamel rods extend from

A

ameloblasts
at enamel surface to dentino-enamel
junction

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14
Q

Bulk of tooth composed of less mineralized

A

dentine

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15
Q

dentine is — in origin

A

mesodermal

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16
Q

how is dentin secreted

A

odontoblasts of dental papilla as pre-dentine

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17
Q

dentine compared to bone

A

Chemically similar to bone, but more mineralized; ~ 70% hydroxyapatite crystals

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18
Q

what does dentine also contain (2)

A

Type I collagen & GAG’s

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19
Q

Dentine arranged in

A

dentine tubules

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20
Q

dentine tubules

A

hollow, parallel tubes radiating from pulp cavity

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21
Q

contain long, rod-like cytoplasmic processes of odontoblasts called

A

Tome’s fibers

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22
Q

Central pulp cavity contains

support structures such as (2)

A

sensory Nn & blood vessels

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23
Q

Dentine innervated by

A

myelinated

Nn

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24
Q

Dental pulp is — in

origin

A

mesodermal

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25
Q

dental pulp resembles primitive…

A

mesenchyme

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26
Q

dental pulp contains (4)

A

stellate fibroblasts
reticular fibers
collagen
ground substance

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27
Q

dental pulp is richly supplied by capillaries from

arterioles running with

A

periodontal

ligament

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28
Q

Tooth root is covered by a thin layer of

A

cementum

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29
Q

cementum is — in origin

A

mesodermal

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30
Q

cementum

A

amorphous, collagen-based, calcified tissue

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31
Q

makeup of cementum

A

~45-50% hydroxyapatite, similar to bone

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32
Q

cementum is manufactured by —, which mature into

A

cementoblasts

cementocytes

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33
Q

cementoblasts/cytes are similar to — both structurally and functionally

A

osteoblasts/cytes

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34
Q

Cementum layer anchored to bone

of alveolus with fibers of

A

periodontal ligament or

membrane

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35
Q

periodontal ligament is composed of

A

dense, collageous fibers, called Sharpey’s

fibers

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36
Q

how do sharpeys fibers run?

A

at oblique angles

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37
Q

PD/sharpeys fibers support the

A

tooth in socket

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38
Q

PD allows for

A

slight movement of tooth

during mastication

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39
Q

May see occasional clusters of
epithelial cells within periodontal
ligament called

A

vestigial epithelial rests

of Malassez

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40
Q

Region of tooth between root & crown is — of tooth

A

neck

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41
Q

neck is protected by masticatory oral mucosa called

A

gingiva

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42
Q

gingiva covers

A

upper portion of alveolar ridge

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43
Q

Sometimes divided into (2)

A

attached gingiva (covers upper alveolar bone) & free gingiva (forms cuff ~ neck of tooth)

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44
Q

Space between free gingiva & crown called

A

gingival sulcus or crevice

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45
Q

Lined by

A

crevicular epithelium

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46
Q

crevicular epithelium

A

very thin, only 2-3 cells thick, easily breached by bacteria

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47
Q

easily breached by bacteria

A

periodontal disease, gingivitis

48
Q

Tissues that surround & support tooth collectively referred to as

A

periodontium

49
Q

periodontium includes (4)

A

epithelium, cementum, periodontal ligament & alveolar bone

50
Q

Tooth formed between opposing layers of

A

epithelial cells

51
Q

ameloblasts of — origin

A

enamel

52
Q

odontoblasts of

A

dental papilla

53
Q

Enamel—origin

A

ectodermal

54
Q

Dentine, cementum, pulp, & periodontal ligament are —

A

mesodermal

55
Q

~6th week of fetal development, a horseshoe-shaped epithelial — arises from oral epithelium

A

ridge

56
Q

Forms —- in position of future jaws

A

dental lamina

57
Q

In each quadrant, lamina develops several globular, — — (one for each deciduous tooth)

A

ectodermal swellings

58
Q

Superficial half forms — —; deep half forms — —

A

enamel organs

dental papilla

59
Q

Enamel organ initially — shaped (cap stage)

A

cup

60
Q

Cells of enamel organ progressively differentiate, become — —, with extracellular matrix of GAG’s

A

stellate reticulum

61
Q

Later forms — shaped structure (bellstage)

A

bell

62
Q

Cells lining outer, convex surface of enamel organ become

A

external enamel epithelium

63
Q

Cells lining concave surface of enamel organ form

A

internal enamel epithelium

64
Q

Cells lining concave surface of enamel organ form internal enamel epithelium, differentiate into tall, columnar

A

ameloblasts

65
Q

enamel formation

A

Amelogenesis

66
Q

Deep to developing enamel organs is primitive mesenchyme; develops into — —

A

dental papilla

67
Q

Cells lining convex surface of dental papilla develop into

A

odontoblasts

68
Q

dentine formation

A

Dentinogenesis

69
Q

These two cell layers in apposition—tooth forms — them

A

between

70
Q

Together they form future (3) of 1’ dentition

A

incisors, canine & molars

71
Q

Development of ameloblasts induces
differentiation of —, but
calcification of dentine induces
deposition of —

A

odontoblasts

enamel

72
Q

Tooth formation initiated by deposition
of organic pre-dentineby odontoblasts
on surface of dental papilla—later
calcified into

A

dentine

73
Q

Calcificaiton of dentine matrix

secondarily induces

A

enamel production

by ameloblasts

74
Q

Odontoblasts have odontoblast
processes, embedded in dentine
matrix—form

A

dentine tubules

75
Q

Enamel forms in mineralized columns of enamel rods, separated by less mineralized

A

interprismatic material

76
Q

Subsequent to deposit of dentine & enamel, dental lamina (2)

A

fragments & atrophies

77
Q

At time of tooth eruption, enamel organ & ameloblasts —

A

degenerate

78
Q

Overlying mucosa separates as tooth erupts, exposing —

A

crown

79
Q

Dental papilla shrinks, becomes — —, surrounded by dentine

A

dental pulp

80
Q

After tooth formation is complete, small amounts of — — continue to be produced, may eventually obliterate pulp cavity

A

2’ dentine

81
Q

Overall shape of enamel organ determines

A

3-D shape of tooth crown

82
Q

Outer rim of enamel organ known as

A

epithelial sheath of Hertwig(= Hertwig’s root sheath)

83
Q

epithelial sheath of Hertwig(= Hertwig’s root sheath) determines

A

cross-sectional outline of tooth

84
Q

Surrounding mesenchyme forms

A

dental follicle

85
Q

Surrounding mesenchyme forms dental follicle results in

A

periodontal ligament

86
Q

Enamel organs of permanent teeth develop as buds from

A

dental lamina & “deciduous” enamel organ

87
Q

In case of molars, dental lamina proliferates caudally to form

A

enamel organs of 2’ dentition

88
Q

In humans, tooth development begins — of fetal development

A

~6th week

89
Q

tooth eruption does not occur until — after birth

A

6-30 months

90
Q

P usually – roots

A

2

91
Q

M usually – roots

A

2-4

92
Q

I & C – roots each

A

1

93
Q

Between— of age, deciduous teeth replaced by permanent dentition

A

6-12 years

94
Q

—-, administered during development of permanent dentition incorporated into enamel

A

Tetracycline

95
Q

Tetracycline, administered during development of permanent dentition incorporated into enamel results in

A

yellow discoloration of teeth

96
Q

Distally, get further development of

3 M, sans precursors; erupt at

A

~6, 12, & 18-21 yrs of age, respectively

=> 32 teeth

97
Q

Human dental formula

A

I 2/2, C 1/1,

P 2/2, M 3/3

98
Q

In — dentition, all teeth similar

A

homodont

99
Q

Incisors modified for (2)

A

cutting & biting

100
Q

Canines for (2)

A

puncturing & holding

101
Q

Premolars & molars generally used for (1)

A

grinding

102
Q

TMJ allows lateral & — motion—important for (2)

A

anterior-posterior

chewing, grinding

103
Q

Raised points on occlusal surfaces of molars & premolars known as —

A

cusps

104
Q

Raised points on occlusal surfaces of molars & premolars known as cusps (include (3))

A

protocone, metacone, paracone

105
Q

Flattened posterior surface of lower molars known as

A

talonid

106
Q

Premolars and molars can be low crowned, or —, in omnivores, or may be very tall, high crowned, —, as in herbivores

A

bunodont

hypsodont

107
Q

Premolars variously

A

modified (shearing carnassialsin carnivores)

108
Q

Premolars variously modified (shearing — in carnivores)

A

carnassials

109
Q

Dental disorders (2)

A

Abnormal tooth eruption &/or misalignment

Orthodontia

110
Q

Orthodontia accomplished by

A

osteoblast & osteoclast activity in alveolus

111
Q

Dental caries results when

A

weak acids in food & drink erode calcified enamel, augmented by bacterial action

112
Q

— helps harden enamel & kills bacteria

A

Fluoride

113
Q

Caries may extend into dentine or pulp cavity, produce abscesses or death of tooth resulting in a

A

root canal

114
Q

caused by accumulation of calcified food & bacterial debris (plaque) in gingival sulcus => widening of gingival sulcus, possible inflammation & destruction of periodontal ligament

A

Periodontal disease

115
Q

Inflammation of gums

A

gingivitis

116
Q

Inflammation of periodontal ligament

A

periodontitis

Histology (32 decks)

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