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Histology > GI Tract Part 3 > Flashcards

GI Tract Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins are initially denatured by —, then hydrolyzed by —

A

HCl from parietal cells

pepsin into polypeptide fragments

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2
Q

Continued by pancreatic enzymes (4)

A

trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, & carboxypeptidase

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3
Q

Continued by pancreatic enzymes—trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, & carboxypeptidase results in formation of

A

small peptide fragments, AA’s

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4
Q

absorbed by — via active transport by carrier proteins

A

enterocytes

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5
Q

Carbohydrates include (3)

A

1’ starches; poly-, oligo-, & disaccharides

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6
Q

Salivary & pancreatic amylase hydrolyze starch to

A

disaccharides (sucrose, lactose,maltose, & isomaltose)

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7
Q

Further broken down into

A

monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, & fructose), absorbed by facilitated diffusion

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8
Q

AA’s & monosaccharides absorbed by enterocytes lining villi, transported across epithelium, enter

A

capillaries within lamina propria

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9
Q

portal V to liver for —

A

storage

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10
Q

Lipids are 1’

A

triglycerides from diet

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11
Q

lipids are emulsified by action of

A

bile acids

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12
Q

Further broken down into monoglycerides & FA’s by

— —-, to form extracellular —

A

pancreatic lipase

micelles

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13
Q

Micelles are absorbed by —, then re-synthesized
into — within enterocytes & coated with proteins
& phospholipids to form intracellular —

A

enterocytes
triglycerides
chylomicrons

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14
Q

These are transported across enterocytes to

A

lacteals

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15
Q

lacteals

A

blind-ended lymph vessels within lamina propria of villi

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16
Q

Eventually carried to (2)

A

thoracic duct & general circulation

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17
Q

what does the large intestine include? (7)

A 
cecum
apppendix
ascending
transverse 
descending
sigmoid colon
rectum
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18
Q

Large intestine lacks (2)

A

villi & plicae circulares

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19
Q

Appendix

A

small, blind-ended sac, 2-13 cm in length distal to ileo-cecal junction

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20
Q

— cecum; used for — — in herbivores

A

Vestigial

bacterial digestion

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21
Q

appendix contains large amounts of submucosal —, active in —

A

MALT

children

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22
Q

inflamed appendix

A

appendicitis

23
Q

treatment of appendicitis

A

surgical removal

appendectomy

24
Q

colon 1’ function

A

H2O & electrolyte

resorption

25
Q

colon also produces mucous for

A

elimination of undigested food & waste

26
Q

what is included within the colon? (2)

A

large #’s of goblet cells in epithelium & colonic glands in submucosa—but no Brunner’s glands

27
Q

colon does not contain — for nutrient absorption

A

villi

28
Q

colon does not contain — —

A

place circulares

mucosal folds contain core of lamina propria

29
Q

Mucosal epithelium similar to — —, but — cells generally
absent in adults

A

small intestine

Paneth

30
Q

MALT in large intestine does notform domed

A

Peyer’s patches

31
Q

No — present in lamina propria of colon

A

lacteals

32
Q

Epithelial cell replacement q 5 days from — — located at base of glandular crypts

A

stem cells

33
Q

Large #’s of — present in large intestine

A

commensal bacteria (“coliforms”)

34
Q

Outer longitudinal M layer in muscularis externa is reduced or incomplete—forms 3 longitudinal strips, — —

A

taenia coli

35
Q

taenia coli are responsible for formation of

A

haustra

36
Q

haustra

A

sacculations of large intestine

37
Q

Polyps are also known as

A

adenoma

38
Q

adenoma

A

any mass arising from the wall of the colon that protrudes into the
lumen

39
Q

polyps are generally —; most common sign is

A

asymptomatic

rectal bleeding

40
Q

treatment of polyps/adenoma

A

surgical removal

41
Q

Colon cancer is also known as

A

adenocarcinoma

42
Q

increase (2) in diet decrease colon cancer by decrease — — & increase — —

A

roughage & fiber
transit time
GI motility

43
Q

treatment of colon cancer

A

surgical removal; if extensive, may require resection of portion of
colon
New test kits for early detection; detect tumor Ab; also colonoscopy
screening over 50

44
Q

rectum

A

short, dilated, terminal portion of large intestine

45
Q

rectum contains (2)

A

transverse rectal folds and large #’s of mucus glands

46
Q

Transition of mucosa from simple columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium at

A

anal canal

47
Q

Anal canal contains longitudinal folds called

A

anal columns (=columns of Morgani)

48
Q

Within anal canal, anal glands extend into (2)

A

submucosa & muscularis externa

49
Q

anal glands

A

branched, straight, tubular glands

50
Q

anal glands secrete

A

mucous

51
Q

Surrounding Mm forms (2)

A

internal & external anal sphincters

external—voluntary, skeletal Mm; internal—involuntary, smooth Mm

52
Q

Occasional enlargement & irritation of submucosal Vv ~anal canal results in

A

hemorrhoids (like varicose Vv)

53
Q

Anus (2)

A

external opening and exit of GI tract

Histology (32 decks)

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