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Pathology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the skin

A 
Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basalis

Californians Like Girls in String Bikinis

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2
Q

Wha is the pressure threshold for skin pressure injury

A

60mmHg

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3
Q

When lying, the sacral pressure is ____ mmHg

A

150

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4
Q

When sitting the ischial pressure is ___ mmHg

A

300

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5
Q

When lying, what are the dependent areas of the skin?

A 
back of the head
scapupa
spinous process
elbow
sacrum
posterior calf
heel
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6
Q

This solar radiation is responsible for acute and chronic skin effects

A

UVB

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7
Q

This type of infection is due to exposure to a body of salt water

A

Type III

due to V. vulnificus

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8
Q

[diagnose]

common in obese, smokers

painful, affecting the apocrine gland bearing areas (axilla, perineum, inframammary gland, inguinal folds)

Tender, deep nodules that expand, coalesce, spontaneously drain, form persistent sinus tract

A

Hidradenitis suppurativa / Acne inversa

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9
Q

[Hurley Classification for H. suppurativa]

single/multiple nodules without sinus tract or scarring

A

Stage I

Tx: Clindamycin

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10
Q

[Hurley Classification for H. suppurativa]

abscess, sinus tract, scarring

A

Stage II

clindamycin

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11
Q

[Hurley Classification for H. suppurativa]

diffuse, interconnected sinus tracts and abscesses

A

Stage III

Tx: Radicala excision, laser treatment, biologic agents

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12
Q

[diagnose]

presents as nodules and spread to form draining tracts following dental extraction

(+) sulfur granules

A

Actinomycosis

Tx: penicillin and surgical debridement

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13
Q

[diagnose]

rapidly enlarging necrotic lesion with undetermined border surrounding erythema

associated with IBD, RA, hema malignancy, IgA gammopathy

A

pyoderma gangrenosum

Tx: steroirds, cyclosporine

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14
Q

[SSSS vs TEN]

exotoxin affecting the granular layer

A

SSSS

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15
Q

[SSSS vs TEN]

immune mediated affecting the dermoepidermal junction

A

TEN

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16
Q

[diagnose]

“stuck on” yellow or light brown, papules/plaques with velvety, greasy texture

A

seborrheic keratoses

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17
Q

[diagnose]

arise in sun-exposed areas. premalignant lesion to SCC, atypical appearing keratinocytes

A

Actinic Keratosis (solar keratosis)

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18
Q

[nevi]

occur in a swimming trunk distrubution

A

giant hairy nevi (congenital)

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19
Q

[Nevi: acquired/congenital]

premalignant to melanoma

A

congenital

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20
Q

[diagnose]

benign neoplasm of the extremity

arise from the neuromyoarterial apparatus with blue, subungual discoloration associated with severe pain, point tenderness and cold sensitivity

A

glomus tumor

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21
Q

nonmelanoma skin cancers are typically a disease of the ___ skinned people

A

fair-skinned

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22
Q

[diagnose]

most common type of skin cancer

A

basal cell CA

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23
Q

most common subtype of basal cell CA

A

nodular (rodent ulcer)

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24
Q

most aggressive subtype of basal cell CA

A

morpheaform

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25
Q

the most common malignant eyelid tumor

A

basal cell CA

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26
Q

most common upper lip CA

A

basal cell CA

27
Q

[diagnose: basal cell CA type]

waxy, pearly appearing papule with raised, well-demarcated border

crusting that bleeds with minor trauma, telangectasia over the translucent surface or central ulceration

A

nodular BCC

28
Q

[diagnose: basal cell CA type]

waxy, pearly appearing papule with raised, well-demarcated border

crusting that bleeds with minor trauma, telangectasia over the translucent surface or central ulceration

With increased content of brown or black pigment

common in darker skinned people

A

pigmented BCC

29
Q

[diagnose: basal cell CA type]

marked bluish or gray cystic nodules

A

cystic BCC

30
Q

[diagnose: basal cell CA type]

scaly, patch-like or papule form that varies in color from pink to red or brown

A

superficial BCC

31
Q

[diagnose: basal cell CA type]

Well-defined border, less prone to ulceration, aggressive varian

A

micronodular BCC

32
Q

[diagnose: basal cell CA type]

ill-defined borders that extend beyond clinically visible margins

scar-like appearance in a plaque or papule formation that can be mistaken for scar tissue

ulceration, bleeding, crusting are uncommon

A

morpheaform and infiltrating BCC

33
Q

Skin CA associated to exposures to arsenic, tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

A

squamous cell CA

34
Q

[diagnosis]

arise from the basal layer of the dermis in association with an area of pre-existing skin damage

A

squamous cell CA

35
Q

[diagnosis]

enlarging bumps that may have irregular or reddened surface

shallow ulcer with heaped up edges

A

squamous cell CA

36
Q

[diagnosis]

skin CA associated with cranial nerve dysfunction

A

squamous cell CA

37
Q

[biopsy]

preferred techniques for nonmelanoma skin CA

A

shave or incisional biopsy

38
Q

staging of these cancers are not affected by the depth of the lesion

A

BCC and SCC

39
Q

vigilance biopsy is important in these lesions

A
  1. old burn wounds
  2. chronic nonhealing wounds
  3. scars
40
Q

how many sunburns in early life has been associated with a doubled risk of developing malignant melanoma after life

A

five or more

41
Q

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a risk factor for this skin CA

A

malignant melanoma

42
Q

melanocytes are derived from what tissues

A

neural crest tissues

43
Q

[diagnosis: melanoma subtypes]

these generally arise in a preexisting nevus, most common subtype of malignant melanoma

A

superficial spreading, malignant melanoma

44
Q

[diagnosis: melanoma subtypes]

worst prognosis due to the prominence if vertical gorwuth

A

nodular type malignant melanoma

45
Q

[diagnosis: melanoma subtypes]

older patient, slowly growing, large (>3cm), flat lesions

A

lentigo maligna

46
Q

[diagnosis: melanoma subtypes]

located in the subungual regions and glaborous skin or palms and soles

A

acral lentigenous

47
Q

[diagnosis: melanoma subtypes]

rare but aggresive subtype
propensity toward perineural invasion and recurrence

A

desmoplastic

48
Q

[malignant melanoma]

most common site of metastasis

A

lung, liver

49
Q

[malignant melanoma]

most common non-cutaneous site

50
Q

[malignant melanoma]

with the worst prognosis

A

mucosal melanomas

51
Q

[treatment of nonmelanoma skin CA}

for low-risk BCC and SCC of the trunk or extremity

A

excision with postoperative margin assessment (POMA)

4-6mm margins

52
Q

[treatment of nonmelanoma skin CA}

for face, ears, and areas where preservation of uninvolved tissues is critical for cosmesis and function; for irregularly shaped tumors to ensure clear margins

A

Mohs Surgery

excision with complete circumferential and peripheral deep margin assessment or intraoperative frozen section

53
Q

[treatment of nonmelanoma skin CA}

for small, superficial lesions, high recurrence rates

A

curettage and electrodessication

visible tumor, 2-4mm margin

54
Q

[treatment of nonmelanoma skin CA}

precancerous lesions and very small, superficial BCC and SCC

A

cryosurgery

55
Q

[treatment of nonmelanoma skin CA}

for extensive lesions precluding surgical resection

A

Radiation

50-60 Gy delivered over 4-6 weeks

56
Q

Cite the ABCDE rule in diagnosing malignant melanoma

A 
Asymmetry
Border Irregularity
Color variation
Diameter
Evolution
57
Q

[biopsy: malignant melanoma]

for cosmetically sensitive areas

A

incisional or punch biopsy

58
Q

[biopsy: malignant melanoma]

best diagnostic when an enlarged lymph node is palated

59
Q

[Clark Stage]

Papillary dermis + Reticular dermis

60
Q

[Clark Stage]

papillary dermis + reticular dermis + SQ

61
Q

[Clark Stage]

melanoma in situ

62
Q

contrast used in Sentinel Lymph node biopsy

A

methylene blue or isosulfan blue

63
Q

drug of choice for isolated limb perfusion technique

Pathology (36 decks)

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