Hemodynamic disorders

Question 1

Mechanism of fluid accumulation in heart failure

Answer 1

increase in hyrdrostatic pressure

Question 2

Mechanism of fluid accumulation in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 2

decrease in oncotic pressure

Question 3

Mechanism of fluid accumulation in burns and infections

Answer 3

increase vascular permeability

Question 4

Mechanism of fluid accumulation post MRM

Answer 4

lymphatic obstruction

Question 5

During chronic congestion, macrophages phagocytose RBCs leading to this cell type (hemosiderin-laden)

Answer 5

heart failure cells

Question 6

____ (acute, chronic) congestion wherein the central vein and sinusoids are distended with centrilobular ischemic necrosis and periportal fatty changes

Answer 6

acute congestion

Question 7

Steps in hemostasis

Answer 7

1. Arteriolar vasoconstriction
2. Primary hemostasis
3. Secondary hemostasis
4. Clot stabilization and resorption

Question 8

Deficiency in GPIIb-IIIa

Answer 8

Glanzman Thrombastenia

Question 9

Deficiency in GP1B

Answer 9

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

Question 10

Most common cause of hypercoaguability due to resistance in Activated Protein C

Answer 10

Factor V Leiden

Question 11

Presence of lines of zahn suggests ___ thrombosis

Answer 11

arterial

Question 12

Condition that is characterized as thrombosis with thrombocytopenia

Answer 12

APAS

Question 13

Most common source of pulmonary embolism

Answer 13

DVT

Question 14

Most common source of systemic thromboembolism

Answer 14

mural thrombi arising from LV infarcts

Question 15

___ mL of air can result in symptomatic air embolism

Answer 15

100cc

Question 16

___ disease: ischemia of femoral head, tibia, and humerus; seen in decompression sickness

Answer 16

Caisson disease

Question 17

type of infarct seen in solid organs and end-arterial circulation like heart, spleen, kidney

Answer 17

white infarct

Question 18

[Stage of shock]

presence of tachycardia with peripheral vasoconstriction and renal fluid vasoconstriction

Answer 18

non-progressive

basically, reflex compensatory mechanisms are intact, perfusion of vital organs are maintained

Question 19

[stage of shock]

Onset of lactic acidosis due to tissue hypoperfusion

Answer 19

progressive

Question 20

[type of shock]

increased PCWP, low CO, high SVR

Answer 20

cardiogenic

Question 21

[type of shock]

decreased PCWP, increased CO, decreased SVR

Answer 21

distributive