Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

main cause of tooth loss before 35

A

dental caries

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2
Q

bacterial causes of periodontitis

A

Aggregatibacter (Acitinobacillus)
Porphyromas
Prevotella

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3
Q

Diseases associated with canker sores

A

celiac disease
IBD
Behcet disease

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4
Q

[diagnosis: oral cavity]

repetitive trauma; focal fibrous hyperplasia

A

irritation fibroma

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5
Q

[diagnosis: oral cavity]

pregnancy tumor, highly vascular, can lead to peripheral ossifying fibroma

A

pyogenic granuloma

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6
Q

[diagnosis: oral infection]

presence of vesicles/bullae with serous fluid and painful uceration

histo: intracellular edema, intercellular edema, multinucleate polykaryons

what is the causative agent

A

HSV1 and 2

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7
Q

[diagnosis]

superficial gray/white membrane (can be scraped off) with erythematous based; superficial except in immunosuppression

A

oral candidiasis

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8
Q

[diagnosis: precancerous lesion]

plaques cannot be scraped off, acanthotic, hyperkeratotic but orderly epithelium

A

leukoplakia

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9
Q

[diagnosis: precancerous lesion]

plaques cannot be scraped off; severely dysplastic; more ominous than leukoplakia

A

erythroplakia

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10
Q

risk factors of squamous cell CA of head and neck CA

A
smoking
alcohol
betel quid
paan
actinic radiation
pipe smoking (lower lip)
HPV infection
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11
Q

[odontogenic cysts]

lined by stratified squamous, with chronic inflammation, usually solitary, associated with impacted third molar; can recur with incomplete excision

A

dentigirous cyst

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12
Q

[odontogenic cyst]

lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, prominent basal layer and corrugated epithelial surface; solitary within posterior mandible;

locally aggressive

associated with BCCA syndrome

A

keratogenic odontogenic tumor or Odontogenic keratocysts

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13
Q

___ syndrome

nevoid BCCA with odontogenic keratocyts

A

Gorlin syndrome

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14
Q

most common type of odontogenic tumor

A

odontoma

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15
Q

[diagnosis: odontogenic tumor]

no ectomesenchymal differentiation

epithelial cells lined with palisading columnar cells with nuclei away from basement membrane (basaloid); central part has loose network of cells resembling stellate reticulum

locally invasive, recurs with incomplete excision

A

amenoblastoma

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16
Q

[diagnosis]

stellate reticulum

A

amenobalstoma

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17
Q

[diagnosis]

masses with edematous mucosa and loose stroma, often with hyperplastic or cystic mucous glands and inflammatory cells

18
Q

chronic sequelae can lead to formation of nasal polyp

19
Q

Causes of laryngoepiglotitis

A

RSV, HiB, GABHS

20
Q

Causes of croup

A

paramyxovirus

21
Q

[diagnosis: larynx]

hoarseness, lining of squamous epitheoum, core of loose myxoid connective tissue

never give rise to cancer

A

vocal vord nodules and polyps

22
Q

[diagnosis]

elderly male (60y/o above)
persistent hoarseness, dysphagia, dysphonia
A

laryngeal CA

23
Q

[diagnosis: ears]

most common cause of primariS. pneumoniae, non-typable H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis

A

otitis media

24
Q

[diagnosis: ears]

common complication of chronic otitis media

lining: keratinizing stratified squamous or metaplastic mucus-secreting containing amorphous debris

A

cholesteatoma

25
[diagnosis: neck] remnant of second branchial arch, upper lateral neck mass along SCM; malignant transformation are rare
branchial cleft cyst or | cervical lymphoepithelial cyst
26
most common congenital anomaly of thyroid gland
thyroglossal duct cyst
27
[diagnosis: neck] neuroendocrine neoplasm associated with ANS
paraganglioma
28
[location of paraganglioma] organ of zuckerkandl, bladder; sympathetic innervation, positive chromaffin stain
paravertebral
29
[location of paraganglioma] seen in carotid bodies; parasympathetic innervation, chromaffin negative
aorticopulmonary strain
30
[diagnosis] zellballen with delicate vascular septa; uniform, round to ovoid; "salt and pepper chromatin" (+) neuroendocrine markers, S-100 (+) sustentacular cells
paraganglioma
31
Prominent component of Sjogren syndrome with lacrimal gland involvement
Xerostomia
32
most common type of inflammatory salivary gland lesion
mucocele
33
true cyst when sublingual gland duct is damage
ranula
34
most common form of viral sialadenitis
mumps
35
most common gland involved in sialolithiasis and nonspecific sialadenitis
submandibular gland
36
most common organism associated with sialolithiasis and non-specific sialadenitis
S. aureus
37
most common site of salivary gland tumor regardless of tumor behavior
parotid gland
38
most common tumor of the salivary gland; most common benign tumor
pleomorphic adenoma
39
most common primary malignant tumor of the salivary gland
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
40
second most common benign tumor of salivary gland
warthin tumor
41
most common site of adenoid cystic carcinoma
minor (palatine) glands