Head and Neck Flashcards
main cause of tooth loss before 35
dental caries
bacterial causes of periodontitis
Aggregatibacter (Acitinobacillus)
Porphyromas
Prevotella
Diseases associated with canker sores
celiac disease
IBD
Behcet disease
[diagnosis: oral cavity]
repetitive trauma; focal fibrous hyperplasia
irritation fibroma
[diagnosis: oral cavity]
pregnancy tumor, highly vascular, can lead to peripheral ossifying fibroma
pyogenic granuloma
[diagnosis: oral infection]
presence of vesicles/bullae with serous fluid and painful uceration
histo: intracellular edema, intercellular edema, multinucleate polykaryons
what is the causative agent
HSV1 and 2
[diagnosis]
superficial gray/white membrane (can be scraped off) with erythematous based; superficial except in immunosuppression
oral candidiasis
[diagnosis: precancerous lesion]
plaques cannot be scraped off, acanthotic, hyperkeratotic but orderly epithelium
leukoplakia
[diagnosis: precancerous lesion]
plaques cannot be scraped off; severely dysplastic; more ominous than leukoplakia
erythroplakia
risk factors of squamous cell CA of head and neck CA
smoking alcohol betel quid paan actinic radiation pipe smoking (lower lip) HPV infection
[odontogenic cysts]
lined by stratified squamous, with chronic inflammation, usually solitary, associated with impacted third molar; can recur with incomplete excision
dentigirous cyst
[odontogenic cyst]
lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, prominent basal layer and corrugated epithelial surface; solitary within posterior mandible;
locally aggressive
associated with BCCA syndrome
keratogenic odontogenic tumor or Odontogenic keratocysts
___ syndrome
nevoid BCCA with odontogenic keratocyts
Gorlin syndrome
most common type of odontogenic tumor
odontoma
[diagnosis: odontogenic tumor]
no ectomesenchymal differentiation
epithelial cells lined with palisading columnar cells with nuclei away from basement membrane (basaloid); central part has loose network of cells resembling stellate reticulum
locally invasive, recurs with incomplete excision
amenoblastoma
[diagnosis]
stellate reticulum
amenobalstoma
[diagnosis]
masses with edematous mucosa and loose stroma, often with hyperplastic or cystic mucous glands and inflammatory cells
rhinitis
chronic sequelae can lead to formation of nasal polyp
rhinitis
Causes of laryngoepiglotitis
RSV, HiB, GABHS
Causes of croup
paramyxovirus
[diagnosis: larynx]
hoarseness, lining of squamous epitheoum, core of loose myxoid connective tissue
never give rise to cancer
vocal vord nodules and polyps
[diagnosis]
elderly male (60y/o above) persistent hoarseness, dysphagia, dysphonia
laryngeal CA
[diagnosis: ears]
most common cause of primariS. pneumoniae, non-typable H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis
otitis media
[diagnosis: ears]
common complication of chronic otitis media
lining: keratinizing stratified squamous or metaplastic mucus-secreting containing amorphous debris
cholesteatoma
[diagnosis: neck]
remnant of second branchial arch, upper lateral neck mass along SCM; malignant transformation are rare
branchial cleft cyst or
cervical lymphoepithelial cyst
most common congenital anomaly of thyroid gland
thyroglossal duct cyst
[diagnosis: neck]
neuroendocrine neoplasm associated with ANS
paraganglioma
[location of paraganglioma]
organ of zuckerkandl, bladder; sympathetic innervation, positive chromaffin stain
paravertebral
[location of paraganglioma]
seen in carotid bodies; parasympathetic innervation, chromaffin negative
aorticopulmonary strain
[diagnosis]
zellballen with delicate vascular septa; uniform, round to ovoid; “salt and pepper chromatin”
(+) neuroendocrine markers, S-100 (+) sustentacular cells
paraganglioma
Prominent component of Sjogren syndrome with lacrimal gland involvement
Xerostomia
most common type of inflammatory salivary gland lesion
mucocele
true cyst when sublingual gland duct is damage
ranula
most common form of viral sialadenitis
mumps
most common gland involved in sialolithiasis and nonspecific sialadenitis
submandibular gland
most common organism associated with sialolithiasis and non-specific sialadenitis
S. aureus
most common site of salivary gland tumor regardless of tumor behavior
parotid gland
most common tumor of the salivary gland; most common benign tumor
pleomorphic adenoma
most common primary malignant tumor of the salivary gland
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
second most common benign tumor of salivary gland
warthin tumor
most common site of adenoid cystic carcinoma
minor (palatine) glands
