Head and Neck

Question 1

main cause of tooth loss before 35

Answer 1

dental caries

Question 2

bacterial causes of periodontitis

Answer 2

Aggregatibacter (Acitinobacillus)
Porphyromas
Prevotella

Question 3

Diseases associated with canker sores

Answer 3

celiac disease
IBD
Behcet disease

Question 4

[diagnosis: oral cavity]

repetitive trauma; focal fibrous hyperplasia

Answer 4

irritation fibroma

Question 5

[diagnosis: oral cavity]

pregnancy tumor, highly vascular, can lead to peripheral ossifying fibroma

Answer 5

pyogenic granuloma

Question 6

[diagnosis: oral infection]

presence of vesicles/bullae with serous fluid and painful uceration

histo: intracellular edema, intercellular edema, multinucleate polykaryons

what is the causative agent

Answer 6

HSV1 and 2

Question 7

[diagnosis]

superficial gray/white membrane (can be scraped off) with erythematous based; superficial except in immunosuppression

Answer 7

oral candidiasis

Question 8

[diagnosis: precancerous lesion]

plaques cannot be scraped off, acanthotic, hyperkeratotic but orderly epithelium

Answer 8

leukoplakia

Question 9

[diagnosis: precancerous lesion]

plaques cannot be scraped off; severely dysplastic; more ominous than leukoplakia

Answer 9

erythroplakia

Question 10

risk factors of squamous cell CA of head and neck CA

Answer 10

smoking
alcohol
betel quid
paan
actinic radiation
pipe smoking (lower lip)
HPV infection

Question 11

[odontogenic cysts]

lined by stratified squamous, with chronic inflammation, usually solitary, associated with impacted third molar; can recur with incomplete excision

Answer 11

dentigirous cyst

Question 12

[odontogenic cyst]

lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, prominent basal layer and corrugated epithelial surface; solitary within posterior mandible;

locally aggressive

associated with BCCA syndrome

Answer 12

keratogenic odontogenic tumor or Odontogenic keratocysts

Question 13

___ syndrome

nevoid BCCA with odontogenic keratocyts

Answer 13

Gorlin syndrome

Question 14

most common type of odontogenic tumor

Answer 14

odontoma

Question 15

[diagnosis: odontogenic tumor]

no ectomesenchymal differentiation

epithelial cells lined with palisading columnar cells with nuclei away from basement membrane (basaloid); central part has loose network of cells resembling stellate reticulum

locally invasive, recurs with incomplete excision

Answer 15

amenoblastoma

Question 16

[diagnosis]

stellate reticulum

Answer 16

amenobalstoma

Question 17

[diagnosis]

masses with edematous mucosa and loose stroma, often with hyperplastic or cystic mucous glands and inflammatory cells

Answer 17

rhinitis

Question 18

chronic sequelae can lead to formation of nasal polyp

Answer 18

rhinitis

Question 19

Causes of laryngoepiglotitis

Answer 19

RSV, HiB, GABHS

Question 20

Causes of croup

Answer 20

paramyxovirus

Question 21

[diagnosis: larynx]

hoarseness, lining of squamous epitheoum, core of loose myxoid connective tissue

never give rise to cancer

Answer 21

vocal vord nodules and polyps

Question 22

[diagnosis]

elderly male (60y/o above)
persistent hoarseness, dysphagia, dysphonia

Answer 22

laryngeal CA

Question 23

[diagnosis: ears]

most common cause of primariS. pneumoniae, non-typable H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis

Answer 23

otitis media

Question 24

[diagnosis: ears]

common complication of chronic otitis media

lining: keratinizing stratified squamous or metaplastic mucus-secreting containing amorphous debris

Answer 24

cholesteatoma

Question 25

[diagnosis: neck]

remnant of second branchial arch, upper lateral neck mass along SCM; malignant transformation are rare

Answer 25

branchial cleft cyst or

cervical lymphoepithelial cyst

Question 26

most common congenital anomaly of thyroid gland

Answer 26

thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 27

[diagnosis: neck]

neuroendocrine neoplasm associated with ANS

Answer 27

paraganglioma

Question 28

[location of paraganglioma]

organ of zuckerkandl, bladder; sympathetic innervation, positive chromaffin stain

Answer 28

paravertebral

Question 29

[location of paraganglioma]

seen in carotid bodies; parasympathetic innervation, chromaffin negative

Answer 29

aorticopulmonary strain

Question 30

[diagnosis]

zellballen with delicate vascular septa; uniform, round to ovoid; “salt and pepper chromatin”

(+) neuroendocrine markers, S-100 (+) sustentacular cells

Answer 30

paraganglioma

Question 31

Prominent component of Sjogren syndrome with lacrimal gland involvement

Answer 31

Xerostomia

Question 32

most common type of inflammatory salivary gland lesion

Answer 32

mucocele

Question 33

true cyst when sublingual gland duct is damage

Answer 33

ranula

Question 34

most common form of viral sialadenitis

Answer 34

mumps

Question 35

most common gland involved in sialolithiasis and nonspecific sialadenitis

Answer 35

submandibular gland

Question 36

most common organism associated with sialolithiasis and non-specific sialadenitis

Answer 36

S. aureus

Question 37

most common site of salivary gland tumor regardless of tumor behavior

Answer 37

parotid gland

Question 38

most common tumor of the salivary gland; most common benign tumor

Answer 38

pleomorphic adenoma

Question 39

most common primary malignant tumor of the salivary gland

Answer 39

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 40

second most common benign tumor of salivary gland

Answer 40

warthin tumor

Question 41

most common site of adenoid cystic carcinoma

Answer 41

minor (palatine) glands