Lower urinary tract Flashcards
most common cause of hydronephrosis in children
uteropelvic junction obstruction
most common primary malignancy of the ureter
urothelial CA
most common and most serious congenital anomaly of the urinary bladder
VUR
[diagnosis]
bladder directly communicates to external surface of body or in a sac
bladder extrophy
bladder extrophy is associated with an increased risk of what type of CA
adenoCA
[diagnosis]
frequency, lower abdominal pain, dysuria
cystitis
chemotherapeutic drug associated with hemorrhagic cystitis
cyclophosphamide
virus that is associated with hemorrhagic cystitis
adenovirus
inflammatory yet benign conditions that mimic bladder CA
malakoplakia, polypoid cystitis
metaplastic, yet benign condition that mimic bladder CA
- cystitis glandularis
- cystitis cystica
- squamous metaplasia
- nephrogenic adenoma
[diagnosis]
patient with E. coli and proteus UTI with defect in phagocyte function, grossly soft, yellow slightly raised mucosal plaques, large foamy macrophage with occasional MNCGs
Micahelis-Gutman bodies
malakoplakia
[diagnosis]
patient with indwelling catheter, submucosal edema throws the urothelium into polypoid projections
maybe mistaken for papillary urothelial Ca
polypoid cystitis
chemotherapeutic drug that can cause bladder CA
cyclophosphamide
cytologically malignant cells on a flat urothelium; dyscohesive cells, same with high-grade UCA;
denuding cystitis
flat urothelial CA
invasion of this layer in the bladder is associated with sharp decrease in survival rate
invasion of muscularis propria
