Lung and Pleura Flashcards
[diagnosis]
abrupt onset of significant hypoxemia and bilateral infiltrates without heart failure
acute lung injury
type II pneumocyte necrosis can lead to hypoxemia due to decrease in
surfactant
[diagnosis: type of lung disease]
lung volume is increased
FEV1 severely decreased
FVC decreased
FEV1/FVC = <0.7
obstructive lung disease
[diagnosis: type of lung disease]
lung volume decreased
FEV1 decreased
FVC severely decreased
FEV1/FVC = normal to increased
restrictive lung disease
[diagnosis: type of lung disease]
Associated conditions are bronchial asthma, COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis
obstructive lung disease
[diagnosis: type of lung disease]
associated conditions include pulmonary fibrosing disease, chest wall disorders
restrictive lung disease
[diagnosis]
Irreversible destruction fo air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole, leading to their enlargement, without obvious fibrosis
abnormally large alveoli separated by thin septa with only focal centriacinar fibrosis
emphysema
[diagnosis]
cough with sputum production for at least 3 months at least 2 consecutive years without identifiable cause
chronic bronchitis
[type of emphysema]
most common, associated with smoking
centriacinar
[type of emphysema]
less common, from respiratory bronchiole to alveoli, associated with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
panacinar
type on emphysema associated with spontaneous pneumothorax
distal acinar ir paraseptal
[diagnosis: type of COPD]
common in 40-45 y/o, infection is common, increased airway resistance, prominent vessels and enlarged heart, cor pulmonary is common
predominant bronchtis
[diagnosis: type of COPD]
common among 50-75 years old, occasional infection, not associated with cor pulmonale, airway resistance is increased, noted hyperinflation of lungs and small heart
predominant emphysema
[diagnosis]
chronic disorder of conducting airways, immunologic reaction, episodic bronchoconstriction due to increased airway sensitivity, inflammation of bronchial walls
Bronchial asthma
In bronchial asthma, the first exposure is associated with ___ response
TH2 response, IgE production and eosinophil recruitment
Subsequent exposure in bronchial asthma is associated with
mast cell degranulation
[diagnosis]
occlusion of bronchi and bronchioles by thick tenacious mucous plug; presence of curshmann spirals and charcot-leyden crystals
status asthmaticus
[diagnosis]
destruction of smooth muscle and elastic tissue; permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles
bronchiectasis
[diagnosis]
progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
[diagnosis]
patchy interstitial fibrosis with varying age; initially starts with fibroplastic focus later turn to honeycomb fibrosis
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
most common pneumoconiosis in the world
silicosis
[diagnosis; pneumoconiosis]
eggshell calcifications of LN, fine nodularities in the upper lung zone; increased susceptibility to tuberculosis
silicosis
most common malignancy associated with asbestosis
lung CA
[diagnosis]
non-caseating granuloma with giant cell; presence of schaumann bodies (concretions of Ca and proteins) and asteroid bodies (stellate inclusions in giant cells)
sarcoidosis
