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Pathology > Peripheral Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

structures affected in demyelinating neuropathy

A

schwann cells and myelin sheath

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2
Q

mononeuritis multiplex pattern of involvement can lead to ___ distribution of lesion

A

several nerves, asymmetric

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3
Q

most common chronic acquired peripheral neuropathy

A

chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

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4
Q

most common cause of peripheral neuropathy

A

DM

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5
Q

one of the most common viral infections of PNS

A

VZV

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6
Q

most common inherited peripheral neuropathy

A

charcot-marie tooth (CMT) disease

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7
Q

[diagnosis]

symmetric ascending demyelinating polyradiculoneurpathy

A

GBS

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8
Q

[diagnosis]

associated with camplylobacter jejuni, mycoplasma pneumoniae, CMV, EBV, prior vaccination

A

GBS

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9
Q

[diagnosis]

CSF finding: albuminocytologic dissociateion, little pleocytosis, increased protein

Histology: lymphoplasmacytic perivenular and endoneural infiltrate

Demyelination: segmental (most prominent lesion); axonal damage if severe

A

GBS

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10
Q

most common form of distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy; axonal neuropathy

A

diabetic neuropathy

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11
Q

[diagnosis]

peroneal muscle atrophy (high arch and claw toe)

progressive, distal sensorimotor neuropathy

A

charcot-marie-tooth disease

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12
Q

[diagnosis]

no weakness with exertion (response increases with repetitive exertion) affecting extremities, presynaptic Ca channel is affected resulting to blocked Ach release

associated with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung

A

lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome

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13
Q

myasthenic syndrome associated with Type II antibody-mediated hypersensitivitity

A

MG, LEMS

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14
Q

[diagnosis]

fatigable weakness with exertion, postsynaptic Ach receptor, muscle specific receptor tyrosine kinase

diplopia, ptosis, more focal involvement

A

MG

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15
Q

[diagnosis]

juvenile

myalgia progressing to proximal weakness then to distal weakness

with heliotrope rash, gottron papules

mononuclear infiltrate in the perimysial, perivascular

atrophy: perifascicular atrophy

A

dermatomyositis

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16
Q

[diagnosis]

usually seen among adults

myalgia progressing to proximal weakness then to distal weakness

no skin changes

mononuclear infiltrate in the endomysium, and pattern of atrophy is patchy

A

polymyositis

17
Q

[diagnosis: common inflammatory myopathies]

immunologic damage to small blood vessels (type I interferon response)

A

dermatomyositis

18
Q

[diagnosis: common inflammatory myopathies]

CD8 mediated damage to muscle; blood vessels NOT involved

A

polymyositis

19
Q

[diagnosis]

pelvic girdle weakness up to shoulder, pseudohypertrophy of lower leg, arrythmias, cardiomyopathy, mental retardation,

early onsent, more severe

Dystrophin gene: absent

A

duchenne

20
Q

[diagnosis]

pelvic girdle weakness up to shoulder, pseudohypertrophy of lower leg, arrythmias, cardiomyopathy, mental retardation,

late onsent, milder

Dystrophin gene: reduced

A

becker

21
Q

[diagnosis: schwannoma or neurofibroma]

NF2 (merlin)
intracranial cerebellopontine angle attached to CN VIII (vestibular)

A

schwannoma

22
Q

[diagnosis: schwannoma or neurofibroma]

NF1
plexiform

A

neurofibroma

23
Q

[schwannoma]

Antoni ___: cellular areas; spindle cells in fascicles

A

antoni A

24
Q

[schwannoma]

Antoni ___: hypocellular, spindle cells in myxoid stroma

A

antoni B

25
Q

[diagnosis]

schwannoma on tje cerebellopontine angle attached to CN VIII

A

NF II

26
Q

[diagnosis]

Presence of antoni A and B, palisading of nuclei with verocay bodies

S100 (+)

A

Schwannoma

27
Q

[diagnosis]

bland schwannoma cells with stromal cells

CD34+

bag of worms in nerve fascicles

Collagen bundles: shredded carrot

A

Neurofibroma

Associated with NF1

28
Q

[type of NF]

CD34+
bag of worms
shredded carrot

A

NF1

29
Q

[diagnosis]

patient is a known NF1
noted new tumor arising within a major nerve, continous with a neurofibroma

highly malignant neurofibroma

A

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors

30
Q

[diagnosis: type of NF]

pigmented iris nodules
cafe au lait spots
CN VIII gliomas
pheochromocytoma
glial tumors
hamartomatous lesions
A

NF Type 1

31
Q

[diagnosis: type of NF]

bilateral CN VIII schwannoma
multiple meningiomas
ependymomas (commonly intraspinal)

A

NF Type 2

Pathology (36 decks)

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