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Pathology > Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue > Flashcards

Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

___ bone cell involved in bone remodeling by coordinating osteoblast and osteocyte activity in response to different stimuli

A

osteocyte

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2
Q

most common skeletal dysplasia

A

achondroplasia

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3
Q

most common lethal form of dwarfism

A

thantophoric dysplasia

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4
Q

most common inherited disorder of connective tissue

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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5
Q

most lethal type of osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Type II (usually autosomal recessive)

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6
Q

Albers-Schonberg disease is also known as

A

Osteopetrosus

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7
Q

[diagnose]

absent medullary canal, erlenmeyer flask deformity, renal tubular acidosis, diffuse symmetric skeletal sclerosis

A

osteopetrosis

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8
Q

decreased bone mass is called

A

osteopenia

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9
Q

severe osteopenia is called

A

osteoporosis

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10
Q

[diagnose: osteopenia]

cancellous part of the vertebral bodies have a thin trabecular plates and vertebral collapse

A

postmenopausal osteopenia

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11
Q

[diagnose: osteopenia]

cortical part is affected, widened haversian system

if severe, cancellous like appearance

A

senile osteopenia

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12
Q

osteoporosis in menopause is associated with increased ____ and decreased ___ activities

A

Decreased serum estrogen,

Increased IL1, IL6, TNF, RANK, RANKL, Osteoclast activity

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13
Q

osteoporosis in aging is associated with decreased ___

A

decreased

  1. replicative activity of osteoprogenitor cells
  2. osteoblast activity
  3. matrix-bound growth factor activity
  4. physical activity
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14
Q

[diagnose]

elderly, axial skeleton, proximal femur, bone pain due to microfacture

histo: increased but disordered and structurally unsound bone mass

“jigsaw puzzle”

can cause high output failure

A

paget disease

Osteitis deformans

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15
Q

[diagnose]

decreased mineral content of bone due to abnormal mineralization

A

rickets and osteomalacia

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16
Q

__

rail-road track like appreance

A

dissecting osteitis

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17
Q

[diagnose: renal ostodystrophy]

decrease BMP-7
Acidosis
increased RANKL

A

osteopenia

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18
Q

[diagnose: renal ostodystrophy]

Acidosis
decreased 1,25 OH2 vitamin D
Decreased calcium
increased PO4
hyperparathyroidism
A

osteomalacia

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19
Q

___ increases PO4, decreases klotho

A

FGF-23

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20
Q

procallus bone is formed ___ week post injury

A

1 week

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21
Q

___ disease

avascular necrosis of ossification centers in children

A

legg-calve-perthes disease

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22
Q

most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis

A

Pyogenic Osteomyelitis

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23
Q

most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis in IV drug user

A

E. coli
pseudomonas
klebsiella

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24
Q

most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis in neonates

A

H. influenza

GBS

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25
Q

most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cel disease

A

salmonella

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26
Q

most common location of osteomyelitis in neonates

A

metaphyses and epiphyses

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27
Q

most common location of osteomyelitis in children

A

metaphyseal

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28
Q

most common location of osteomyelitis in adults

A

epiphyses and subchondral region

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29
Q

___ refers to small intraosseous abscess in osteomyelitis

A

Brodie abscess

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30
Q

___ refers to newly developed sleeve of bone around dead bone in osteomyelitis

A

involucrum

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31
Q

___ refers to dead bone in osteomyelitis

A

sequestrum

32
Q

[diagnosis]

subperiosteal draining sinus, sequestrum, involucrum, brodie abscess

A

osteomyelitis

33
Q

location of periosteal bone deposition in saber shin

A

anterior and medial surface of tibia

34
Q

most common primary tumors excluding hematologic is

A

osteosarcoma

35
Q

[diagnosis]

bone-forming, benign
<2cm
appendicular skeleton (common in femur and tibia)
marked reactive bone formation, relieved by NSAIDs

haphazardly interconnecting trabeculae of woven bone WITH osteoblastic rimming, no atypia

A

Osteoid sarcoma

36
Q

[diagnosis]

bone-forming, benign
>2cm
common in axial skeleton (usually in vertebral column, less pronounced reactive bone formation, not relieved by NSAIDs

haphazardly interconnecting trabeculae of woven bone WITH osteoblastic rimming, no atypia

A

osteoblastoma

37
Q

[diagnosis]

<20 years old, then older adults (bimodal)
bone pain, mass
metaphysis of long bone

periosteal lifting (codman triangle), infiltrative borders (sunburst appearance), lytic and blastic leasion

histo: lace-like pattern

A

osteosarcoma

38
Q

[diagnosis]

adolescent
bone pain, mass
metaphysis of long bone

periosteal lifting (codman triangle), infiltrative borders (sunburst appearance), lytic and blastic leasion

histo: lace-like pattern

abundant malignant cartilage

A

chondroblastic osteosarcoma

39
Q

[diagnosis]

late adolescent/early adulthood, metaphysis of long bone

hyaline cartilage (hyaline cap); covered peripherally by perichondrium; has underlying bone and marrow

A

osteochondroma

40
Q

[diagnosis]

20-50 years old
solitary lesion in metaphysis of hand and foot bones

cytologically benign chondrocytes

A

chondroma

41
Q

most common intraosseus cartilage tumor

A

enchondroma

42
Q

___ syndrome

Chondroma + spindle cell hemangioma

A

Ollier and Maffucci syndrome

43
Q

second most common malignant matrix-producing tumor of the bone

A

chondrosarcoma

44
Q

[diagnosis]

> 40 year old, axial skeleton involved, anaplastic chondrocytes with varying cellularity, mitosis and atypia

A

chrondrosarcoma

45
Q

second most common group of bone sarcoma in children

A

ewing sarcoma

46
Q

t(11;22) fusion gene

A

ewing sarocma

47
Q

[diagnosis]

child, painful enlarging mass with systemic symptoms

diaphysis of ling bone, flat bone of pelvis; onion skin-like deposition of reactive bone

A

ewing sarcoma

48
Q

[diagnosis]

homer-wright rosettes, small, round blue cells in scant fibrous stroma

A

ewing sarcoma

49
Q

[diagnosis]

20-40 years old,
solitary
seen in the epiphyses of long bones around the knee

histo: mononuclear cells with osteoclast-like giant cells

HIGH LEVELS OF RANKL activity

A

Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)

50
Q

[diagnosis]

curvilinear trabeculae of woven bone without osteoblastic rimming

“chinese character” appearance of bony trabecuale

A

Fibrous dysplasia

51
Q

___- syndrome

Fibrous dysplasia
Polyostotic FD
Cafe-au lait spots
precoccious puberty

A

McCune-Albright Syndrome

52
Q

most common skeletal malignancy

A

metastasis

53
Q

most common CA that metastasize to the bone in adults

A

prostate, breast, kidney, lung

54
Q

most common CA that metastasize to the bone in children

A

neuroblastoma, wilms tumor, osteosarcoma, ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma

55
Q

blastic form of bone metastasis is seen in ___

A

prostate CA

56
Q

kidney, lung, GIT, and melanoma can form ___ type of bone lesion once it metastasize

A

lytic form

57
Q

most common form of arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

58
Q

[diagnosis]

proliferation of chrondrocytes, joint mice, eburnation (ivory-like), osteophytes

A

Osteoarthritis

59
Q

[diagnosis]

Bouchard nodes, Heberden nodes, 1st CMCJ, 1st MTPJ are affected

joint deformity without fusion

A

osteoarthritis

60
Q

Bouchard nodes refer to what joint

A

PIP

61
Q

Heberden nodes refer to what joint

A

DIP

62
Q

Genetic component of RA

A

HLA-DRB1

63
Q

Central cytokine in pathogenesis of RA

A

TNF

64
Q

pannus is the site of ___ activity

A

osteoclast

65
Q

[diagnose]

synovial cell hyperplasia, dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, angiogenesis, fibropurulent exudates,

osseous ankylosis

A

RA

66
Q

cause of pseudogout

A

calcium pyrophosphate

67
Q

cut off value for hyperuricemia

A

> 6.8 mg/dL

68
Q

[diagnosis]

needle shaped, negatively bifringent

A

gout

monosodium urate

69
Q

[diagnosis]

rhomboid-shaped, positively birefringent

A

calcium pyrophosphate

pseudogout

70
Q

pathognomonic hallmark of gout

A

tophi in various sites

71
Q

most common soft tissue tumor of adulthood

A

lipoma

72
Q

lipoma in the deep soft tissue and retroperitoneum is ___ (malignant/benign)

A

can be malignant

73
Q

most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence

A

embryonal

74
Q

___ is the immunostain for rhabdomyoblastic differentiation

A

myogenin

75
Q

[diagnosis]

eosinophilic, tadpole cells, numerous filaments

A

rhabdomyoblast

rhabdomyosarcoma

76
Q

most common neoplasm in women

A

leiomyomas

77
Q

[diagnosis]

seen in deep tissues of extremities and retroperitoneum

eosinophilic spindle cells with atypia; prominent necrosis and frequent mitosis

SMA stain used differentiate

A

Leiomyosarcoma

Pathology (36 decks)

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