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Pathology > Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue > Flashcards

Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

___ bone cell involved in bone remodeling by coordinating osteoblast and osteocyte activity in response to different stimuli

A

osteocyte

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2
Q

most common skeletal dysplasia

A

achondroplasia

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3
Q

most common lethal form of dwarfism

A

thantophoric dysplasia

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4
Q

most common inherited disorder of connective tissue

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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5
Q

most lethal type of osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Type II (usually autosomal recessive)

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6
Q

Albers-Schonberg disease is also known as

A

Osteopetrosus

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7
Q

[diagnose]

absent medullary canal, erlenmeyer flask deformity, renal tubular acidosis, diffuse symmetric skeletal sclerosis

A

osteopetrosis

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8
Q

decreased bone mass is called

A

osteopenia

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9
Q

severe osteopenia is called

A

osteoporosis

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10
Q

[diagnose: osteopenia]

cancellous part of the vertebral bodies have a thin trabecular plates and vertebral collapse

A

postmenopausal osteopenia

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11
Q

[diagnose: osteopenia]

cortical part is affected, widened haversian system

if severe, cancellous like appearance

A

senile osteopenia

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12
Q

osteoporosis in menopause is associated with increased ____ and decreased ___ activities

A

Decreased serum estrogen,

Increased IL1, IL6, TNF, RANK, RANKL, Osteoclast activity

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13
Q

osteoporosis in aging is associated with decreased ___

A

decreased

  1. replicative activity of osteoprogenitor cells
  2. osteoblast activity
  3. matrix-bound growth factor activity
  4. physical activity
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14
Q

[diagnose]

elderly, axial skeleton, proximal femur, bone pain due to microfacture

histo: increased but disordered and structurally unsound bone mass

“jigsaw puzzle”

can cause high output failure

A

paget disease

Osteitis deformans

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15
Q

[diagnose]

decreased mineral content of bone due to abnormal mineralization

A

rickets and osteomalacia

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16
Q

__

rail-road track like appreance

A

dissecting osteitis

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17
Q

[diagnose: renal ostodystrophy]

decrease BMP-7
Acidosis
increased RANKL

A

osteopenia

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18
Q

[diagnose: renal ostodystrophy]

Acidosis
decreased 1,25 OH2 vitamin D
Decreased calcium
increased PO4
hyperparathyroidism
A

osteomalacia

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19
Q

___ increases PO4, decreases klotho

A

FGF-23

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20
Q

procallus bone is formed ___ week post injury

A

1 week

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21
Q

___ disease

avascular necrosis of ossification centers in children

A

legg-calve-perthes disease

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22
Q

most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis

A

Pyogenic Osteomyelitis

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23
Q

most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis in IV drug user

A

E. coli
pseudomonas
klebsiella

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24
Q

most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis in neonates

A

H. influenza

GBS

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25
most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cel disease
salmonella
26
most common location of osteomyelitis in neonates
metaphyses and epiphyses
27
most common location of osteomyelitis in children
metaphyseal
28
most common location of osteomyelitis in adults
epiphyses and subchondral region
29
___ refers to small intraosseous abscess in osteomyelitis
Brodie abscess
30
___ refers to newly developed sleeve of bone around dead bone in osteomyelitis
involucrum
31
___ refers to dead bone in osteomyelitis
sequestrum
32
[diagnosis] subperiosteal draining sinus, sequestrum, involucrum, brodie abscess
osteomyelitis
33
location of periosteal bone deposition in saber shin
anterior and medial surface of tibia
34
most common primary tumors excluding hematologic is
osteosarcoma
35
[diagnosis] bone-forming, benign <2cm appendicular skeleton (common in femur and tibia) marked reactive bone formation, relieved by NSAIDs haphazardly interconnecting trabeculae of woven bone WITH osteoblastic rimming, no atypia
Osteoid sarcoma
36
[diagnosis] bone-forming, benign >2cm common in axial skeleton (usually in vertebral column, less pronounced reactive bone formation, not relieved by NSAIDs haphazardly interconnecting trabeculae of woven bone WITH osteoblastic rimming, no atypia
osteoblastoma
37
[diagnosis] <20 years old, then older adults (bimodal) bone pain, mass metaphysis of long bone periosteal lifting (codman triangle), infiltrative borders (sunburst appearance), lytic and blastic leasion histo: lace-like pattern
osteosarcoma
38
[diagnosis] adolescent bone pain, mass metaphysis of long bone periosteal lifting (codman triangle), infiltrative borders (sunburst appearance), lytic and blastic leasion histo: lace-like pattern abundant malignant cartilage
chondroblastic osteosarcoma
39
[diagnosis] late adolescent/early adulthood, metaphysis of long bone hyaline cartilage (hyaline cap); covered peripherally by perichondrium; has underlying bone and marrow
osteochondroma
40
[diagnosis] 20-50 years old solitary lesion in metaphysis of hand and foot bones cytologically benign chondrocytes
chondroma
41
most common intraosseus cartilage tumor
enchondroma
42
___ syndrome Chondroma + spindle cell hemangioma
Ollier and Maffucci syndrome
43
second most common malignant matrix-producing tumor of the bone
chondrosarcoma
44
[diagnosis] >40 year old, axial skeleton involved, anaplastic chondrocytes with varying cellularity, mitosis and atypia
chrondrosarcoma
45
second most common group of bone sarcoma in children
ewing sarcoma
46
t(11;22) fusion gene
ewing sarocma
47
[diagnosis] child, painful enlarging mass with systemic symptoms diaphysis of ling bone, flat bone of pelvis; onion skin-like deposition of reactive bone
ewing sarcoma
48
[diagnosis] homer-wright rosettes, small, round blue cells in scant fibrous stroma
ewing sarcoma
49
[diagnosis] 20-40 years old, solitary seen in the epiphyses of long bones around the knee histo: mononuclear cells with osteoclast-like giant cells HIGH LEVELS OF RANKL activity
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)
50
[diagnosis] curvilinear trabeculae of woven bone without osteoblastic rimming "chinese character" appearance of bony trabecuale
Fibrous dysplasia
51
___- syndrome Fibrous dysplasia Polyostotic FD Cafe-au lait spots precoccious puberty
McCune-Albright Syndrome
52
most common skeletal malignancy
metastasis
53
most common CA that metastasize to the bone in adults
prostate, breast, kidney, lung
54
most common CA that metastasize to the bone in children
neuroblastoma, wilms tumor, osteosarcoma, ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
55
blastic form of bone metastasis is seen in ___
prostate CA
56
kidney, lung, GIT, and melanoma can form ___ type of bone lesion once it metastasize
lytic form
57
most common form of arthritis
osteoarthritis
58
[diagnosis] proliferation of chrondrocytes, joint mice, eburnation (ivory-like), osteophytes
Osteoarthritis
59
[diagnosis] Bouchard nodes, Heberden nodes, 1st CMCJ, 1st MTPJ are affected joint deformity without fusion
osteoarthritis
60
Bouchard nodes refer to what joint
PIP
61
Heberden nodes refer to what joint
DIP
62
Genetic component of RA
HLA-DRB1
63
Central cytokine in pathogenesis of RA
TNF
64
pannus is the site of ___ activity
osteoclast
65
[diagnose] synovial cell hyperplasia, dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, angiogenesis, fibropurulent exudates, osseous ankylosis
RA
66
cause of pseudogout
calcium pyrophosphate
67
cut off value for hyperuricemia
>6.8 mg/dL
68
[diagnosis] needle shaped, negatively bifringent
gout monosodium urate
69
[diagnosis] rhomboid-shaped, positively birefringent
calcium pyrophosphate pseudogout
70
pathognomonic hallmark of gout
tophi in various sites
71
most common soft tissue tumor of adulthood
lipoma
72
lipoma in the deep soft tissue and retroperitoneum is ___ (malignant/benign)
can be malignant
73
most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence
embryonal
74
___ is the immunostain for rhabdomyoblastic differentiation
myogenin
75
[diagnosis] eosinophilic, tadpole cells, numerous filaments
rhabdomyoblast rhabdomyosarcoma
76
most common neoplasm in women
leiomyomas
77
[diagnosis] seen in deep tissues of extremities and retroperitoneum eosinophilic spindle cells with atypia; prominent necrosis and frequent mitosis SMA stain used differentiate
Leiomyosarcoma

Pathology (36 decks)

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