Blood Vessels Pathology

Question 1

[syndrome]

gain of function of ENaC channel resulting to increased Na reabsorption and then hypertension

Answer 1

Liddle Syndrome

Question 2

Associated condition

eosinophilic hyaline material with associated luminal narrowing

Answer 2

essential hpn

DM

Question 3

[associated condition]

concentric, laminated thickening, onion skin lesion, note of fibrinoid deposition and vessel wall necrosis

Answer 3

malignant hypertension

Question 4

location of neovascularization in an atheromatous plaque

Answer 4

periphery

Question 5

[clinical phase of atherosclerosis]

mural thrombosis, embolization, and wall thickening can lead to

Answer 5

aneurysm and rupture

Question 6

[clinical phase of atherosclerosis]

plaque rupture, plaque erosion, plaque hemorrhage, mural thrombosis, embolization can lead to

Answer 6

occlusion by thrombus

Question 7

[clinical phase of atherosclerosis]

progressive plaque growth can lead to

Answer 7

critical stenosis

usually 70%

Question 8

the larger the lipid core, the ____stability of the plaque

Answer 8

greater the stability of the plaque

Remember, size of lipid core is inversely proportional to stability

Question 9

the lesser the degree of inflammation, the ____ stability of the plaque

Answer 9

greater stability

remember, degree of inflammation is inversely proportional to stability

Question 10

the thicker the fibrous cap, the ___ stable the plaque

Answer 10

more stable the plaque

fibrous cap is directly proportional to stability

Question 11

[dissection]

intima tear involvinf the descending aorta only.

What is the standford classification?

Answer 11

Stanford B

DeBakey III = Standford B

Question 12

[aortic dissection]

Both ascending and descending aorta are involved.

What is it s debakey classification?

Answer 12

DeBakey I

Question 13

[diagnosis?]

45/M, hypertensive with marfan syndrome.

Noted sudden, excruciating anterior chest pain, radiating to the back and downward

Answer 13

aortic dissection

Question 14

[syndrome]

Non-infectious small artery vasculitides, p-anca positive

Answer 14

churg-strauss syndrome

Question 15

[syndrome]

non-infectious small artery vasculitides, c-anca positive

Answer 15

Wegener granulomatosis/ granulomatosis with polyangitis

Question 16

[diagnosis]

headache among elderly individual, along course of superficial temporal artery, associated with multiple joint pains

Answer 16

giant cell arteritis

Question 17

[diagnosis]

affects large vessels of the aortic arch, notable ocular disturbances and weakened UE pulses

Answer 17

takayasu

Question 18

[diagnosis]

associated with hepatitis B, renal and visceral vessels (NEVER PULMONARY)

clinically, HPN and visceral ischemia

prominent fibrinoid necrosis, segmental, transmural, necrotizing

Answer 18

polyarteritis nodosa

Question 19

[diagnosis]

fever >5 days, conjunctival injection, mucosal erythema, cervical lymphadenopathy, polyamorphous exanthem

Answer 19

kawasaki disease

Question 20

important cause of MI in children; can cause coronary artery aneurysm

less prominent fibrinoid necrosis, segmental, transmural, necrotizing

Answer 20

kawasaki disease

Question 21

[diagnosis]

associated with connective tissue disorders

common in kidney and LUNG; hemoptysis, hematuria

Answer 21

microscopic polyangitis

PAN = no lung involvement

Question 22

[diagnosis]

associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, eosinophilia

noted involvement of cutaneous, GIT, renal and cardiac vessel

Clinically, palpable purpura, GI bleed and FSGS

Answer 22

churg-strauss syndrome

Question 23

[diagnosis]

PAN + extravascular necrotizing granulomas and hypereosinophilia

Answer 23

Churg-strauss syndrome

Remember, atopy/eosinophilia = sneeze = aaachooo = aaaachurg

Question 24

[diagnosis]

fragmented PMNs in post capillary venule (leukocytolasia)

Answer 24

Microscopic polyangitis

Question 25

[diagnosis]

prominent pulmonary involvement, may also involve renal vessels necrotizing granulomas of respiratory tract, necrotizing or granulomatous vasculitis, focal segmental necrotizing GN

c-ANCA positive

Answer 25

Wegener granulomatosis

Question 26

[diagnosis]

recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis, neutrophilic infiltration of vessels

small to medium sized vessels are affected

Answer 26

Behcet syndrome

Question 27

[diagnosis]

strongly associated with cigarette smoking, small to medium vessel involvement, reynaud phenomenon, intermittent claudication, thrombosis with microabcesses

Answer 27

buerger disease

Thromboangitis obliterans

Question 28

most important risk factor for lower extremity DVT

Answer 28

prolonged immobilization

Question 29

[diagnosis]

migratory superficial vein thrombophlebitis in cancer patient

Answer 29

trosseau syndrome

Question 30

[diagnosis]

lower extremity edema, superficial abdominal vein distention, massive proteinuria (if renal vein is involved)

Answer 30

IVC syndrome

Question 31

most common cause of lymphangitis and lymphedema

Answer 31

GABHS

Question 32

[diagnosis]
facial port wine nevi, ipsilateral leptomeningeal cortical venous angiomas, mental retardation, seizures, hemiplegia, skull radioopacities

Answer 32

Struge-Weber syndrome

Question 33

[diagnosis]
AD defect in TGF beta
telangectasia on skin, oral mucosa, respiratory, GIT, urinary tract

Answer 33

Osler-weber-rendu disease

Question 34

[diagnosis]

rapidly growing, red, pedunculated lesion on the skin, gingival or oral mucosa

Answer 34

pyogenic granuloma

Question 35

cavernous lymphangiomas of the neck is more common in ___ syndrome

Answer 35

Turner

Question 36

[diagnosis]

african, <40 years old, HIV negative, HHV 8

Answer 36

Endemic Kaposi Sarcoma

Question 37

[diagnosis]

HHV 8 in HIV positive patients

Answer 37

epidemic kaposi sarcoma

Question 38

Thorotrast exposure is associated with this malignant tumor

Answer 38

hepatic angiosarcoma

Question 39

Stains used in angiosarcomas

Answer 39

CD31, CD34, vWF