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Pharmacology HOSA > Skeletal Muscle, Bone, And Joint Disorder Drugs > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle, Bone, And Joint Disorder Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Alopecia

A

Abnormal loss of hair, baldness

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2
Q

Autoimmune

A

A response where antibodies are formed against one’s own body

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3
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Fullness or epigastric discomfort

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4
Q

Gout

A

A metabolic disorder resulting in increased levels of uric acid and causing severe joint pain

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5
Q

Musculoskeletal

A

Pertaining to the bones and muscles

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6
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Skeletal disorder characterized by porous bone, making weaker bone strength and greater risk of fracture of a bone

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7
Q

Paget disease

A

Condition where bones grow too large and become weak

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8
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

Inflammatory changes in connective tissue

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxants ex

A

Carisoprodol, baclofen, chlorzoxazone, diazepam, cyclobenzaprine, dantrolene, metaxalone, methocarbamol, orphenadrine, tizanidine

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10
Q

Cyclobenzaprine MOA

A

Has an effect on muscle tone, reducing muscle spasm

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxants uses

A

Various acute painful musculoskeletal conditions (muscle strains and back pain)

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12
Q

Musculoskeletal disorders ex

A

Synovitis, arthritis, osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease (DJD), gout, osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, paget disease

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxants side effects

A

Drowsiness

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14
Q

Diazepam side effects

A

Drowsiness, sedation, sleepiness, lethargy, constipation, diarrhea, bradycardia or tachycardia, or rash

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15
Q

Baclofen contraindications

A

Skeletal muscle spasm caused by rheumatic disorders

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16
Q

Carsiprodol is contraindicated in

A

Patients with recent myocardial infarction, cardiac conduction disorders, and hyperthyroidism

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17
Q

Cyclobenzaprine contraindications

A

Within 14 days of taking a MAOI,

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18
Q

Oral dantrolene contraindications

A

Lactation, active hepatic disease, muscle spasm caused by rheumatic disorders

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19
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxants precautions

A

Historia of cerebrovascular accident, cerebral palsy, parkinsonism, or seizure disorders, pregnancy (cat C)

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20
Q

Cyclobenzaprine precautions

A

Cardiovascular disease, pregnancy (cat B), lactation

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21
Q

Dantrolene pregnancy cat

A

C

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22
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxants interactions

A

Increased CNS depressants Effect (with alcohol, antihistamines, opiates, and sedatives)

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23
Q

Cyclobenzaprine interactions

A

MAOIs increase risk for high fever and convulsions

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24
Q

Orphenadrine interactions

A

Haloperidol increases psychosis

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25
Q

Tizanidine interactions

A

Increased risk of hypotension with antihypertensives

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26
Q

Muscle relaxants used for surgical procedures ex

A

Cisatracurium, mivacurium, pancuronium, rocuronium, succinylcholine, vecuronium

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27
Q

RA is treated using what

A

NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and DMARDs

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28
Q

When are DMARDs used

A

When immobility and pain of RA can no longer be controlled by pain-relief agents and anti inflammatory drugs, and can also treat Crohn disease and fibromyalgia

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29
Q

DMARDs ex

A

Methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, and leflunomide

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30
Q

DMARDs MOA

A

Produce immunosuppression

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31
Q

Biologic DMARDs ex

A

Etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, certolizumab, pegol, golimumab, abatacept, anakinra, certolizumab, tocilizumab

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32
Q

Cytotoxic drugs use

A

Reserved for slide threatening musculoskeletal problems, such as systemic vasculitis and are extremely toxic

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33
Q

Cytotoxic drugs ex

A

Azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, and gold salts

34
Q

DMARDs side effects

A

Nausea, stomatitis, alopecia

35
Q

Sulfasalazine side effects

A

Ocular changes, GI upset, mild pancytopenia

36
Q

Biologic DMARDs side effects

A

Flu-like symptoms, infectious diseases such as TB are a concern, when given by injection, skin irritation is common

37
Q

Methotrexate contraindications

A

Renal insufficiency, liver disease, alcohol abuse, pancytopenia, or folate deficiency

38
Q

Enteraceot contraindications

A

Connective heart failure, neurological demyelinating diseases

39
Q

Adalimumab contraindications

A

Congestive heart failure, neurological demyelinating diseases

40
Q

Infliximab contraindications

A

Congestive heart failure, neurological demyelinating diseases

41
Q

Anakinra contraindications

A

Etanercept, adalimumab, or infliximab

42
Q

DMARDs precautions

A

Obesity, diabetes, hepatitis B or C, pregnancy

43
Q

DMARDs liver disease considerations

A

Sulfasalazine is selected over methotrexate with liver disease

44
Q

Etanercept requires screening for

A

Pre existing TB

45
Q

Adalimumab requires scanning for

A

Pre existing TB

46
Q

Infliximab requires scanning for

A

Pre existing TB

47
Q

With DMARDs, monitor

A

Routinely for infections

48
Q

Methotrexate interactions

A

Sulfa antibiotics and aspirin and NSAIDs increase risk of methotrexate toxicity

49
Q

Biophosphonates MOA

A

Inhibit normal and abnormal bone resorption, resulting depression n increased bone mineral density, reversing the progression of osteoporosis

50
Q

Biophosphonates uses

A

Osteoporosis in postmenopausal men and women, hypercalcemia of malignant disease and bony metastasis of some solid tumors, paget disease

51
Q

Biophosphonates Side effects

A

Nausea, diarrhea, increased or recurrent bone pain, headache, dyspepsia, acid regurgitation, dysphagia, abdominal pain

52
Q

Alendronate contraindications

A

Hypocalcemia, pregnancy (cat C), delayed esophageal emptying, renal impairment, in people with hormone replacement therapy

53
Q

Risedronate contraindications

A

Hypocalcemia, delayed esophageal emptying or renal impairment, and in people with hormone replacement therapy

54
Q

Standard drug treatment of osteoporosis

A

5 years of biophosphonate administrations

55
Q

Denosumab is associated with

A

Hypokalemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), infection, skin reactions, and atypical femoral fractures

56
Q

Biophosphonates interactions

A

Calcium supplements, or antacids containing magnesium and aluminum decrease effectiveness of biophosphonates, aspirin increases risk of GI belleding, increased risk of theophylline toxicity

57
Q

Allopurinol MOA

A

Reduces the production of uric acid, decreasing serum uric acid levels, and the deposit of rusted crystals in joints

58
Q

Febuxostat MOA

A

Reduce serum uric acid levels, preventing gout attacks

59
Q

Colchicine MOA

A

Reduces the inflammation associated with the deposit of urate crystals in the joints, and has no effect of uric acid metabolism

60
Q

What to use in an acute gout attack

A

Pegloticase IV infusion, to decrease the amount of uric acid in the body

61
Q

How to treat frequent, recurrent, gout attacks

A

With probenecid, which can also be given with colchicine

62
Q

Uric acid inhibitors use

A

Manage acute attacks of gout or in preventing acute attack of gout

63
Q

Uric acid inhibitors snide effects

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, urinary frequency

64
Q

Allopurinol side effects

A

Skin rash, which in some cases can also be followed by exfoliative dermatitis and SJS

65
Q

Colchicine side effects

A

Severe nausea, vomiting, and bone marrow depression, so it’s only used when other drugs fail

66
Q

Colchicine contraindications

A

Serious GI, renal, hepatic, or cardiac disorders, and blood dyscrasias,

67
Q

Probenecid contraindications

A

Blood dyscrasias, uric acid kidney stones, and in kids under 2

68
Q

Febuxostat contraindications

A

Theophylline, mercaptopurine, azathioprine

69
Q

Uric acid inhibitors precautions

A

Renal impairment, pregnancy (cat B or C)

70
Q

Allopurinol precautions

A

Liver impairment

71
Q

Probenecid precautions

A

Sulfa allergy, peptic ulcer disease,

72
Q

Colchicine precautions

A

Elderly

73
Q

What should be used to premeditate patients before pegloticase infusions

A

Antihistamines and corticosteroids because anaphylactic reactions have been seen

74
Q

Allopurinol interactions

A

Ampicillin increases risk of rash, increased risk of theophylline toxicity, and aluminum antacids decrease effectiveness of allopurinol

75
Q

Febuxostat interactions

A

Ampicillin increases risk of rash, increased risk of theophylline toxicity

76
Q

Probenecid interactions

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, acyclovir, rifampin, and sulfonamides increase serum levels of anti-infective, increased serum levels of barbiturates and benzodiazepines, and salicylates decrease effectiveness of probenecid

77
Q

bone resorption inhibitors : Biophosphonates ex

A

Alendronate, etidronate, ibandronate, pamidronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid

78
Q

Bone resorption inhibitors: non biophosphonates

A

Denosumab, raloxifene, teriparatide,

79
Q

Uric acid inhibitors ex

A

Allopurinol, colchicine, febuxostat, pegloticase, probenecid

80
Q

Biological drugs used to treat multiple sclerosis

A

Natalizumab

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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