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Pharmacology HOSA > Antihypertensives > Flashcards

Antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-blockers ex

A

-olol: acebutolol, atenolol, nadolol, metoprolol, propranolol, pindolol, esmolol

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2
Q

Beta blockers MOA

A

Decrease hearts excitability, decrease cardiac workload and oxygen consumption, and provide membrane stabilizing effects that contribute to other antiarrhythmic drug activity

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3
Q

Beta blockers indications

A

Hypertension, angina, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, migraine, glaucoma, prevent myocardial reinfarction

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4
Q

Beta blockers, must monitor

A

Heart rate

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5
Q

Beta blocker side effects

A

Can mask signs of hypoglycemia, prevent epinephrine release, fast heart rate, sweating (diaphoresis), dizzy, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bronchospasm, elderly at greater risk of side effects

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6
Q

Beta-blockers restrictions

A

Not for ppl with heart blocks or asthma, hypotension, emphysema, sinus bradycardia

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7
Q

Ace inhibitors ex

A

-pril: lisinopril, enalapril, quinapril, ramipril

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8
Q

Ace inhibitors MOA

A

Work on lung and inhibit angiotensin 1 from converting into angiotensin 2, sodium and water aren’t retained

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9
Q

Ace inhibitors side effects

A

Dry cough (general throat irritation), hypotension, hyperkalemia, first dose effect

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10
Q

ARB’s use

A

Will get switched to these if ace inhibitors cause cough or other negative side effects

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11
Q

ARB’s ex

A

-sartan: losartan, candesartan, Valsartan, olmesartan

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12
Q

ARB’s side effects

A

Angioedema (painless swelling in lips), not for use during pregnancy, renal artery stenosis (narrowing of blood vessels that give blood to kidneys)

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13
Q

CCB’s dihydropyridines ex and MOA

A

Work on blood vessels, -dipine: nifedipine, felodipine, amlodipine

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14
Q

CCB’s phenylalkylamines MOA and ex

A

Work on heart, verapmil

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15
Q

CCB’s Benzothiazepines ex and MOA

A

Work on heart, diltiazem (HR control)

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16
Q

CCB’s side effects

A

Swelling in lower limbs, constipation

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17
Q

Loop diuretics fact

A

Very powerful diuretics, and if mineral loss side effects are an issue, switch to thiazide diuretics

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18
Q

Loop diuretics ex

A

-semide: furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid (can give to ppl with sulfa allergy)

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19
Q

Loop diuretics concerns

A

Loops lose everything (esp. calcium and potassium)

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20
Q

Loop diuretics look out for

A

Ototoxicity and tinnitus

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21
Q

Betaxolol indications

A

Glaucoma

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22
Q

Timolol indication

A

Glaucoma

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23
Q

Beta blockers precautions

A

Diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, peptic ulcer

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24
Q

Beta blockers interactions

A

Antidepressants increase effect of beta blocker and cause bradycardia, NSAIDs decrease effect of beta blocker, loop diuretics increase risk of hypotension, clonidine increases risk of paradoxical hypertensive effect, cimetidine increases bet blocker serum levels and risk of toxicity, lidocaine increases beta blocker serum levels and risk of toxicity

25
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force of blood against artery walls

26
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure that stays elevated over time

27
Q

Hypertensive emergency

A

Extremely high blood pressure that must be lowered immediately to prevent damage to target organs

28
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Low blood sodium level

29
Q

Isolated systolic hypertension

A

systolic blood pressure over 140, with diastolic blood pressure under 90

30
Q

Lumen

A

The space or opening within an artery

31
Q

Prehypertension

A

Systolic blood pressure between 120 and 139 or diastolic between 80 and 89

32
Q

Primary hypertension

A

Hypertension that has no known cause, aka essential or idiopathic hypertension

33
Q

Antihypertensives MOA

A

Vasodilation, which creates and increase in the lumen of the arterial blood vessels

34
Q

Secondary hypertension

A

Hypertension with a known cause , such as kidney disease

35
Q

Vasodilation

A

Increase in the diameter of the blood vessels, that, when widespread, results in a drop in blood pressure

36
Q

CCBs general MOA

A

Inhibit the movement of calcium ions across cell membranes and arterial muscle cells, which means there is less calcium available for the transmission of nerve impulses, so blood vessels are relaxed

37
Q

ARBs MOA

A

Block the binding of angiotensin 2 at various receptor sites in the vascular smooth muscle and adrenal gland

38
Q

Primary treatment for heart failure

A

Antihypertensives, most frequently, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics, and beta blockers

39
Q

Nitroprusside use

A

Hypertensive emergency, given IV

40
Q

Antihypertensives elderly consideration

A

Fainting and falling due to orthostatic hypotension

41
Q

General antihypertensive side effects

A

Fatigue, depression, dizziness, headache, syncope, upper respiratory infections, cough, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, gastric irritation, and anorexia, rash, pruritus, dry mouth, tachycardia, hypotension, proteinuria, neutropenia

42
Q

ACE inhibitors contraindications

A

Impaired renal function, salt or volume depletion, bilateral stenosis, angioedema, pregnancy (cat C in 1st trimester and cat D in and and 3rd trimesters) and lactation

43
Q

ARBs contraindications

A

Impaired renal function, salt or volume depletion, bilateral stenosis, angioedema, pregnancy (cat
C in 1st trimester and cat D in 2nd and 3rd trimester), and lactation

44
Q

CCBs contraindications

A

Sick sinus syndrome, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block (except with a functioning pacemaker), hypotension, ventricular dysfunction, or cardiogenic shock

45
Q

Antihypertensives precautions

A

Renal or hepatic impairment, electrolyte imbalances, lactation , pregnancy, elderly

46
Q

CCBs precautions

A

Heart failure, renal or hepatic impairment, pregnancy (cat C), lactation

47
Q

ACE inhibitors precautions

A

Sodium depletion, hypovolemia, coronary or cerebrovascular insufficiency, and in people on diuretics or dialysis

48
Q

ARBs precautions

A

Renal or hepatic dysfunction, hypovolemia, volume or salt depletion, people taking high doses of diuretics

49
Q

ACE inhibitors interactions

A

NSAIDs reduce effects of ACE inhibitors, higher risk of allergic reaction to allopurinol, increased or decreased plasma digoxin levels, increased effects of loop diuretics, increased serum lithium levels (possible toxicity), hypoglycemic agents and insulin increase risk of hypoglycemia, and elevated potassium serum level with potassium sparing diuretics

50
Q

Antihypertensives general interactions

A

MAOIs, antihistamines and sympathomimetic bronchodilators decrease effects of antihypertensives

51
Q

Enalapril interactions

A

Rifampin decreases enalapril effects

52
Q

CCBs interactions

A

Cimetidine and ranitidine increase CCB effect, increased effects and toxicity of theophylline, increased risk for digoxin toxicity, rifampin decreases CCB effect

53
Q

Losartan interactions

A

Fluconazole increases side effects, indomethacin decreases effects of losartan

54
Q

Centrally anti adrenergic drugs antihypertensive ex

A

Clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine, methyldopa

55
Q

Peripherally acting anti adrenergic drugs antihypertensive ex

A

Doxazosin, prazosin, reserpine, terazosin,

56
Q

Alpha/beta adrenergic blocking drugs antihypertensive ex

A

Carvedilol, labetalol

57
Q

Direct renin inhibitors ex

58
Q

Selective aldosterone receptor antagonists ex

A

Eplerenone

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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