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Pharmacology HOSA > Antiepileptics > Flashcards

Antiepileptics Flashcards

1
Q

Atonic

A

Generalized seizure with loss of muscle tone, person suddenly drops

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2
Q

Convulsion

A

Paroxysm (occurring suddenly) of involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations

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3
Q

Epilepsy

A

Chronic, recurring seizure disorder

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4
Q

Generalized seizures

A

Loss of consciousness during seizure

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5
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Overgrowth of gum tissue

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6
Q

Focal seizures

A

Localized seizure in the brain, with no impaired consciousness, aka partial seizure

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7
Q

Myoclonic

A

Sudden, forceful muscular contraction

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8
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary and constant movements of the eyeball

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9
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Reduction in all cellular elements of the blood

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10
Q

Precipitation

A

Condensation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reactions

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11
Q

Seizure

A

Cluster of symptoms resulting from abnormal activity in the brain

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12
Q

Status epilepticus

A

Emergency situation characterized by continual seizure activity

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13
Q

Tonic-clonic

A

Generalized seizure activity consisting of alternating contraction (tonic) and relaxation (clonic) of muscles

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14
Q

Seizure disorders classifications

A

Idiopathic, hereditary, acquired

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15
Q

Idiopathic seizures

A

No known cause

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16
Q

Hereditary seizure disorders

A

Passed from parent to child in their genetic makeup

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17
Q

Acquired seizure disorders

A

Known cause (high fever, electrolyte imbalances, uremia, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, brain tumors, injury, and some drug withdrawal symptoms)

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18
Q

Known causes of epilepsy

A

Brain injury at birth, head injuries, and inborn error of metabolism,

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19
Q

Drug of first choice for focal seizures

A

Lamotrigine

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20
Q

Drug of first choice for generalized seizures

A

Valproate

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21
Q

Drug categories used as antiepileptics

A

Hydantoins, carboxylic acid derivatives, succinimides, oxazolidinediones, and benzodiazepines

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22
Q

Antiepileptics MOA

A

Depress abnormal neural discharges in the CNS

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23
Q

Hydantoins MOA for seizures

A

Stabilize the hyperexcitability postsynaptically in the motor cortex of the brain

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24
Q

Carboxylic acid derivatives MOA seizures

A

Increase GABA levels, stabilizing cell membranes

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25
Q

Succinimides MOA seizures

A

Depress the motor cortex and create a higher threshold before nerves react to the convulsive stimuli

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26
Q

Oxazolidinediones MOA seizures

A

Decrease repetitive synaptic transmissions of nerve impulses

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27
Q

Benzodiazepines MOA seizures

A

Elevate the seizure threshold by decreasing postsynaptic excitation

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28
Q

Nonspecifed antiepileptic Drugs

A

Gabapentin, topiramate

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29
Q

Antiepileptics uses

A

Prophylactically for seizures after trauma or neurosurgery in patients with a tumor, neuropathic pain, bipolar, anxiety, all seizure types

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30
Q

Drug of choice for status epilepticus

A

Lorazepam, but its effects last for a shorter period of time, so longer lasting epileptics (phenytoin) are also given

31
Q

Clobazam use

A

Adjuvant to treat Lennox-gastaut syndrome (very rare form of epilepsy)

32
Q

Antiepileptics side effects nature

A

Intolerable, 25% of people who experience them will stop taking their meds

33
Q

Antiepileptics CNS side effects

A

Drowsiness, headache, somnolence, nystagmus, ataxia, slurred speech

34
Q

Antiepileptics GI system reactions

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, constipation, gingival hyperplasia

35
Q

Felbamate side effects

A

Acute liver failure

36
Q

Felbamate classifications

A

Antiepileptic

37
Q

Antiepileptics general reactions, recurrence of seizure activity from abrupt discontinuation (taper off instead)

A

Skin rashes, pruritus, urticaria, urinary frequency, suicidal ideation

38
Q

Lamotrigine side effects

A

Serious skin reactions, such as SJS

39
Q

Ezogabine side effects

A

Urinary retention, and pain

40
Q

Antiepileptics pregnancy considerations

A

Association between antiepileptics and birth defects, when on birth control, carbamazepine, felbamate, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, and topiramate increase chance of pregnancy

41
Q

Carbamezepine as an antiepileptic Side Effect

A

Hematologic changes, such as pancytopenia, leukopenia, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia

42
Q

Felbamate side effects

A

Hematologic changes such as pancytopenia, leukopenia, aplastic anemia, and thrombocytopenia

43
Q

Trimethadione side effects as an antiepileptic

A

Hematologic changes, such as pancytopenia, leukopenia, aplastic anemia, and thrombocytopenia

44
Q

Phenytoin contraindications

A

Sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, Adams-Stokes syndrome, and 2nd and 3rd degree AV block, pregnancy (cat D), lactation

45
Q

Ethotoin contraindications

A

Pregnancy (cat D), hepatic abnormalities,

46
Q

Oxazolidinediones contraindications

A

Pregnancy (can cause fetal malformations), have been associated with serious adverse reactions, and should only be used when other, less toxic drugs aren’t effective

47
Q

Succinimides contraindications

A

Bone marrow depression, or hepatic or renal impairment, and a higher risk of systemic lupus erythematosus

48
Q

Carbamazepine contraindications

A

Within 14 days of taking MAOIs, bone marrow depression, or hepatic or renal impairment, pregnancy (cat D)

49
Q

Valproic acid contraindications

A

Renal impairment, pregnancy (cat D)

50
Q

Oxcarbazepine side effects

A

May exacerbate dementia (not preferred for elderly)

51
Q

Antiepileptics precautions

A

Liver or kidney disease, neurological disorders

52
Q

Esilcarbazepine precautions

A

Can cause hyponatremia

53
Q

Oxcarbazepine precautions

A

Can cause hyponatremia

54
Q

Phenytoin precautions

A

Hypotension, severe myocardial insufficiency, hepatic impairment

55
Q

Lacosmaide precautions

A

Hypotension, severe myocardial insufficiency, hepatic impairment

56
Q

Trimethadione precautions

A

Eye disorders (retinal or optic nerve disease)

57
Q

Non specified antiepileptics precautions

A

Glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, history of cardiac, renal, or liver dysfunction, and psychiatric disorders

58
Q

Valproic acid precautions

A

Increased risk for pancreatitis, and is associated with hepatic failure and birth defects

59
Q

Vigabatrin use

A

Treat refractory complex focal seizures

60
Q

Vigabitrin precautions

A

May cause progressive and permanent vision loss

61
Q

Antiepileptics interactions

A

Antibiotics, antifungals, TCAS, salicylates, and cimetidine all increase effect of antiepileptic, theophylline decrease antiepileptic serum levels, multiple antiepileptics taken together may increase seizure activity, analgesics and alcohol increase depressant effect, and antidiabetics increase blood glucose levels

62
Q

Carbamazepine interactions

A

Protease inhibitors increase carbamazepine levels, and can possibly result in toxicity

63
Q

Routine lab monitoring when taking carbamazepine

A

White blood cells

64
Q

Routine lab monitoring when taking esilcarbazepine

A

Serum sodium

65
Q

Routine lab monitoring when taking felbamate

A

Liver function study

66
Q

Routine lab monitoring when taking oxcarbazepine

A

Serum sodium

67
Q

Routine lab monitoring when taking phenytoin

A

Serum phenytoin levels

68
Q

Routine lab monitoring when taking valproic acid

A

Platelet count/serum ammonia

69
Q

Hydantoins ex

A

Ethotoin, fosphenytoin, phenytoin

70
Q

Carboxylic acid derivatives ex

A

Valproic acid

71
Q

Succinimides ex

A

Ethosuximide, methsuximide

72
Q

Oxazolidinediones ex

A

Trimethadione

73
Q

Non-specified antiepileptics ex

A

Acetazolamide, brivaracetam, carbamezapine, esilcarbazepine, ezogabine, felbamate, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, magnesium, oxcarbazepine, perampenel, pregablin, primidone, Rufinamide, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, zonisamide

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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