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Pharmacology HOSA > Respiratory System Drugs (Upper And Lower) > Flashcards

Respiratory System Drugs (Upper And Lower) Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic bronchodilators MOA

A

Opens bronchi by relaxing smooth muscles, which allows more air to enter lungs, relieving respiratory distress

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2
Q

Adrenergic bronchodilators indications

A

Treatment of chronic respiratory problems due to chronic bronchoconstriction such as bronchospasm associated with acute and chronic bronchial asthma, exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB), bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis

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3
Q

Adrenergic bronchodilators aren’t for people with

A

Tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmia, brain damage, narrow angle glaucoma, cerebral arteriosclerosis

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4
Q

Adrenergic bronchodilators side effects

A

Tachycardia, palpitation, High blood pressure, anxiety, insomnia, cardiac arrhythmias, anxiety, can cause paradoxical bronchospasm when taken by inhalation

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5
Q

Adrenergic bronchodilators interactions

A

Adrenergics (additive effects), TCAs can cause hypotension, methyldopa can cause hypotension, oxytocic drugs have a risk for severe hypotension, theophylline increases risk of cardiotoxicity, beta blockers can inhibit the cardiac, bronchodilating and vasodilation effects of the adrenergic

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6
Q

Xanthine derivative bronchodilators MOA

A

Stimulate CNS to promote bronchodilation, and cause direct relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bronchi

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7
Q

Xanthine derivative bronchodilators indications

A

Symptomatic relief/prevention of bronchial asthma, reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema

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8
Q

Xanthine derivative bronchodilators side effects

A

Irritability , tremors, high HR, high RR, electrocardiograph changes, hyperglycemia, alopecia, restlessness, headache, nervousness, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, fever, flushing

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9
Q

Xanthine derivative bronchodilators aren’t for people with

A

peptic Ulcers, seizures (unless well controlled by anticonvulsants) , serious uncontrolled arrhythmias

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10
Q

Theophylline interactions

A

Barbiturates, nicotine, adrenergic, loop diuretics, hydantoins, ketoconazole, rifampin, charcoal, isoniazid all decrease theophylline serum levels and allopurinol, beta blockers, CCBs, cimetidine, oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, flu vaccine, macrolides, flouroquinolones, thyroid hormones, isoniazid and loop diuretics all increase theophylline serum levels

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11
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids MOA

A

Antiinflamatory, decrease airway hyperesponsiveness, decrease mast cells, block reaction to allergens

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12
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids indications

A

Prophylactic treatment and management of inflammation with chronic asthma, and can be used intranasal for nasal polyps and rhinitis

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13
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids side effects

A

Throat irritation, hoarseness, upper respiratory infections, fungal infection of mouth and throat

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14
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids aren’t for people with

A

acute Bronchospasm, acute asthma, status asthmaticus,

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15
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids interactions

A

Combination with systemic corticosteroids can increase the risk of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) suppression, resulting in adrenal insufficiency

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16
Q

Mast cell stabilizers MOA

A

Stabilize mast cell membrane by preventing calcium ions from entering mast cells, which prevents the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrines

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17
Q

Mast cell stabilizers indications

A

Asthma, allergic disorders, EIB, allergic rhinitis, typically used in combination with other drugs, and used in step 2 of care for chronic asthma

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18
Q

Mast cell stabilizers side effects

A

Throat irritation, dryness, cough, unpleasant taste, wheeze, nausea

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19
Q

Mast cell stabilizers contraindications

A

Not for use during acute asthma attack

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20
Q

Zileuton MOA

A

Decrease formation of leukotrines

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21
Q

Leukotrine modifiers and immunomodulators indications

A

Chronic asthma in people older than 12

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22
Q

Leokotrine modifiers and immunomodulators aren’t for people with

A

Bronchospasm in acute asthma attacks, lactation

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23
Q

1st generation antihistamines MOA

A

Blocks actions of histamine at H1 receptor, bind non selectively, so they can result in CNS stimulation or depression

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24
Q

1st generation antihistamines side effects

A

Drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, sedation, disturbed coordinations

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25
Q

1st generation antihistamines contraindications

A

Certain heart conditions, pregnancy, taking MAOI’s, have angle closure glaucoma, peptic ulcer, prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction, lactation, newborns, premature infants

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26
Q

Benadryl indications

A

Allergy, anaphylaxis, transfusion reactions, motion sickness, sleep aid, antitussive

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27
Q

Benadryl side effects

A

Anorexia, urinary frequency

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28
Q

Benadryl administration

A

Oral, IV, IM

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29
Q

Benadryl interactions

A

Increased effects with beta blockers

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30
Q

Chlorpheniramine indications

A

Temporary relief of itchy & watery eyes, sneezing , itchy throat, runny nose caused by hay fever, allergies, or cold

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31
Q

Chlorpheniramine side effects

A

Sedation, hypotension, palpitation, urinary hesitancy

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32
Q

Chlorpheniramine administration

A

Oral

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33
Q

2nd generation antihistamines side effects

A

Dry mouth

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34
Q

2nd generation antihistamines restrictions

A

Not for use during pregnancy

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35
Q

Cetirizine indications

A

Seasonal/perennial rhinitis, urticaria

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36
Q

Cetirizine side effects

A

Sedation, pharyngitis, dizzy, somnolence

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37
Q

Cetirizine restrictions

A

Not for people sensitive to hydroxyzine

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38
Q

Fexofenadine side effects

A

Upset stomach, back pain URI

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39
Q

Fexofenadine restrictions

A

Rifampin reduces absorption, and shouldn’t be taken within 2 hours of taking antacid because it decreases concentration of drug in blood

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40
Q

Loratidine indications

A

Allergic rhinitis

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41
Q

Loratidine side effects

A

Dizzy, headache, tremor, insomnia

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42
Q

Loratidine administration fact

A

Rapidly disintegrating

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43
Q

Topical decongestants MOA

A

Localized vasoconstriction of small blood vessels in nasal membranes

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44
Q

Topical decongestants indications

A

Common cold, hay fever, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, congestion associated with rhinitis

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45
Q

Topical decongestants side effects

A

nasal Burning, stinging, dryness, tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmias, nervousness, restlessness and insomnia, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting

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46
Q

Topical decongestants aren’t for people with

A

MAOIs

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47
Q

Oxymetazoline indications

A

Nasal congestion

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48
Q

Oxymetazoline side effects

A

Anxiety, anorexia, restlessness, arrhythmia, nervousness

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49
Q

Phenylephrine indications

A

Nasal congestion

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50
Q

Phenylephrine side effects

A

Anxiety, restlessness, anorexia, arrhythmia, blurry vision

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51
Q

Pseudophedrine indications

A

Nasal congestion

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52
Q

Pseudophedrine side effects

A

Anxiety, restlessness, anorexia, arrhythmia, blurry vision

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53
Q

Antitussives MOA

A

Depress cough center in medulla, raise cough threshold and dampen cough reflex

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54
Q

Antitussives indications

A

Relieve nonproductive cough

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55
Q

Antitussive aren’t for people with

A

Use of cosine, premature infants, during labor when premature infants are anticipated

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56
Q

Antitussives side effects

A

High fever, rash, headache

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57
Q

Codeine indications

A

Suppression of non-productive cough, relief of mild-moderate pain

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58
Q

Codeine side effects

A

Sedation, dizzy, constipation, CNS depression, orthostatic hypotension

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59
Q

Benzonatate indications

A

Symptomatic relief of cough

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60
Q

Benzonatate Side effects

A

Sedation, headache, dizzy, GI, upset, pruritus, congestion, chewing tablets can cause local anesthetic effect

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61
Q

Dextrometorphan indications

A

Symptomatic cough relief

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62
Q

Dextrometorphan side effects

A

Drowsy, dizzy, upset GI

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63
Q

Mucolytics MOA

A

Reduce viscosity of respiratory secretions by direct action on mucous (treat cystic fibrosis)

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64
Q

Acetylcysteine indications

A

Pneumonia, bronchitis, tracheobronchitis, pulmonary complications with CF, pulmonary complications with surgery and anesthesia, post traumatic chest conditions, atelecastis due to mucous obstruction, acetaminophen overdose, diagnostic bronchital studies, tracheostomy care

65
Q

Mucolytics side effects

A

Lightheaded, dizzy, drowsy, sedation (especially with antihistamines)

66
Q

Acetylcysteine side effects

A

Stomatitis, fever, drowsy, bronchospasm, irritation of trachea/bronchi

67
Q

Expectorants MOA

A

Increase respiratory secretion production, and decrease mucous viscosity, which raises secretions from the respiratory passages

68
Q

Expectorants indications

A

Bring up respiratory secretions

69
Q

Expectorants side effects

A

Lightheaded, dizzy, drowsy, sedation

70
Q

Expectorants aren’t for people with

A

Pregnancy, persistent cough, severe respiratory insufficiency, asthma, elderly people

71
Q

Guaifenesin indications

A

Cough relief associated with RTI (sinusitis, asthma, bronchitis, pharyngitis, especially if cough is dry and unproductive)

72
Q

Guaifenesin side effects

A

Nausea, dizzy, headache, rash

73
Q

Potassium iodide indications

A

Emergency treatment for hyperthyroidism or radiation exposure

74
Q

Potassium iodide side effects

A

Iodine sensitivity

75
Q

Histamine

A

Substance found in various parts of the body (liver, lungs, intestines, skin), and produced from the amino acid histidine in response to injury to trigger the inflammatory response

76
Q

Nonproductive cough

A

Dry, hacking cough that produces no secretions

77
Q

Productive cough

A

Cough by which secretions from the respiratory tract are expelled

78
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the nasal passages

79
Q

Intranasal steroids MOA

A

Inhibit response of mast cell,scans white blood cells, and also reduce mediators such as, histamine, which reduces the inflammatory response

80
Q

Intranasal steroids uses

A

First line of treatment for symptoms of allergic rhinitis, and also can treat rhinitis caused by nonallergens, nasal polyps, and chronic sinusitis

81
Q

Intranasal steroids side effects nature

A

Mild and minimal

81
Q

Intranasal steroids side effects

A

Unpleasant smell or taste, nasal passage irritation, nosebleeds, fungal infections are rare, and discontinuation is recommended if nosebleeds persist

81
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nose bleeds

81
Q

Intranasal steroids pregnancy cat

81
Q

Intranasal steroids precautions

A

Systemic steroids, can slow growth rate in children

82
Q

Budesonide interactions

A

Cimetidine makes the intranasal steroids less effective

83
Q

2nd generation antihistamines MOA

A

Selective for peripheral H1 receptors, and are less sedating

84
Q

Antihistamines general uses

A

Relief of the symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergies, allergic and vasomotor rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, mild and uncomplicated angioneurotic edema and urticaria, relief of allergic reactions to drugs, blood or plasma, relief of cough caused by cold or allergies, adjunctive therapy in anaphylactic shock, treatment of Parkinson-like symptoms, nausea and vomiting relief, motion sickness relief, sedation, and adjuncts to analgesics

85
Q

Antihistamine allergy signs

A

Skin rash or urticaria

86
Q

Antihistamines precautions

A

Bronchial asthma, cardiovascular disease, narrow angle glaucoma, hypertension, impaired kidney function, urinary retention, pyloroduodenal obstruction, and hyperthyroidism

87
Q

Antihistamines interactions

A

MAOIs increase anticholinergic and sedative effects, possible additive CNS depressant effect

88
Q

Diphenhydramine interactions

A

Beta blockers increase risk of cardiovascular effects

89
Q

Decongestants ex

A

Phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, and pseudophedrine

90
Q

Pseudophedrine contraindications

A

Sustained release version isn’t for children under 12

91
Q

Decongestants precautions

A

Thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, prostatic hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, glaucoma, pregnancy (cat C)

92
Q

Decongestants interactions

A

MAOIs cause severe headache, and possible hypertensive crisis, beta blockers cause initial hypertensive episode followed by bradycardia

93
Q

Benzonatate MOA

A

Anesthetizing stretch receptors in the respiratory passages

94
Q

Dornase alfa use

A

Cystic fibrosis

95
Q

Acetylcysteine administrations

A

Nebulizer, but can also be directly instilled into a tracheostomy to liquefy secretions

96
Q

OTC cough meds combined with antihistamines side effects

A

Lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, sedation

97
Q

Mucolytics contraindications

98
Q

Potassium iodide contraindications

A

Pregnancy (cat D)

99
Q

NHs Antitussives precautions

A

Persistent or chronic cough, cough with excessive secretions, high fever, rash, persistent headache, nausea, vomiting

100
Q

Codeine precautions

A

Pregnancy (cat C), and labor (cat D), COPD, acute asthmatic attack, pre existing respiratory disorders, acute abdominal conditions, head injury, increased intracranial pressure, convulsive disorders, hepatic or renal impairment, and prostatic hypertrophy

101
Q

Guaifenesin pregnancy cat

102
Q

Acetylcysteine pregnancy cat

103
Q

Expectorants precautions

A

Pregnancy, lactation, persistent cough, severe respiratory insufficiency, asthma, elderly or debilitated patients

104
Q

Codeine interactions

A

CNS depressants and alcohol can cause additive depressant effects

105
Q

Dextrometorphan interactions

A

MAOIs cause hypotension, fever, nausea, jerking motions of the leg, coma

106
Q

Potassium iodide interactions

A

Lithium and anti thyroid drugs effects may potentiate with iodine product and can cause hypokalemia, cardiac arrhythmias, or cardiac arrest, and thyroid function test results can be altered with iodine

107
Q

Codeine contraindications

A

Persistent or chronic cough, or when cough is accompanied by excessive secretions

108
Q

Antihistamines elderly considerations

A

Elderly are more likely to experience anticholinergic effects (dryness in mouth, nose and throat), dizziness, sedation, hypotension, confusion

109
Q

Intranasal steroids ex

A

Beclmethasone, budesonide, cicleonide, flinisolide, fluticasone, mometasone, triamcinolone

110
Q

1st generation antihistamines ex

A

Brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, diphenhydramine, promethazine,

111
Q

2nd generation antihistamines ex

A

Azelastine, cetirizine, desloratidine, fexofenadine, levocetirizine, loratidine

112
Q

Decongestants ex

A

Epinephrine, fexofenadine and pseudophedrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, tetrahydrozoline, xylometazoline

113
Q

Opioid antitussives

114
Q

Nonopioid antitussives

A

Benzonatate, dextrometorphan, diphenhydramine

115
Q

Mucolytics ex

A

Acetylcysteine

116
Q

Expectorants ex

A

Guaifenesin

117
Q

Asthma

A

Respiratory disorder characterized by bronchospasm and difficulty in breathing, especially exhaling

118
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath, labored or difficult breathing

119
Q

Leukotrine

A

Inflammatory substance that is released by mast cells during an asthma attack

120
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

121
Q

Theophyllinization

A

Delivery of a high enough dose of theophylline to bring blood levels to a therapeutic range more quickly than over several days

122
Q

First line intervention for long term asthma control

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

123
Q

Quick relief asthma drugs

A

Short acting beta 2 Agonists (SABA) and oral steroids

124
Q

SABA bronchodilators use

A

Relieve bronchsospasm associated with bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema

125
Q

SABA bronchodilators ex

A

Albuterol, epinephrine, salmeterol, terbutaline, ephedrine, levabuterol, metaproterenol

126
Q

Along with bronchodilators, what is helpful in treating asthma

A

ICSs, mast cell stabilizers, leukotrine formation inhibitors, leukotrine receptor Agonists and immunomodulators

127
Q

LABAs side effects

A

May increase risk of asthma related death

128
Q

Salmeterol contraindications

A

Acute bronchospasm

129
Q

Adrenergic bronchodilators precautions

A

Hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, diabetes, prostatic hypertrophy, history of seizures, pregnancy (cat C), lactation

130
Q

Terbutaline pregnancy cat

131
Q

Xanthine derivative bronchodilators ex

A

Theophylline and aminophylline, dyphylline, oxtriphylline

132
Q

LABAs ex

A

Salmeterol, arformoterol, formoterol, indicaterol, olodaterol

133
Q

Xanthine derivative bronchodilators precautions

A

Cardiac disease, hypoxemia, hypertension, congestive heart failure, liver disease, Alcohol, pregnancy (cat C), lactation

134
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids ex

A

Beclomethasone, flunisolide, budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone, mometasone

135
Q

Beclomethasone contraindications

A

Relief of symptoms that can be controlled by a bronchodilator and other non steroidal meds and in the treatment of nonasthmatic bronchitis

136
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids precautions

A

Compromised immune systems, glaucoma, kidney disease, liver disease, convulsive disorders, diabetes, pregnancy (cat C), lactation,

137
Q

Budesonide pregnancy cat

138
Q

Budesonide interactions

A

Ketoconazole can increase plasma levels of budesonide

139
Q

Fluticasone interaction

A

Ketoconazole can increase plasma levels of fluticasone

140
Q

Mast cell stabilizers ex

141
Q

Mast cell stabilizers precautions

A

Pregnancy (cat B), lactation, impaired renal or hepatic function

142
Q

Leukotrine receptor antagonists ex

A

Montelukast, zafirlukast

143
Q

Leukotrine formation inhibitor ex

144
Q

Monoclonal antibody

A

Omalizumab

145
Q

Leukotrine receptor antagonists MOA

A

Inhibit leukotrine receptor sites in the respiratory tract, by preventing the binding of immunoglobulin to the receptors on basophils and mast cells, limiting the allergic reaction

146
Q

Omalizumab indications

A

Adjunctive therapy for patients 12 or older who are sensitive to allergens and who require step 5 or 6 care

147
Q

Leukotrine modifiers precautions

A

Pregnancy (cat C)

148
Q

Zileuton pregnancy cat

149
Q

Leukotrine modifiers side effects

A

Headache, flu-like symptoms, anaphylactic reactions, emergency equipment should be available when administering this

150
Q

Zafirlukast interactions

A

Increased plasma levels with aspirin, increased effect of warfarin, which also decreased zafirlukast levels, erythromycin decreases levels of zafirlukast

151
Q

Zileuton interactions

A

Increased theophylline serum levels

152
Q

Adrenergic bronchodilators elderly consideration

A

Elderly are at a higher risk for cardiovascular reactions (tachycardia, arrhythmia, palpitation, hypertension) and CNS reactions (restlessness, agitation and insomnia)

153
Q

Oral corticosteroids elderly considerations

A

If elderly are at risk for osteoporosis, a calcium or vitamin D supplement can be given

154
Q

Lower respiratory system anticholinergic

A

Aclidinium, ipratropium, tiotropium, umeclidinium

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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