Antineoplastic Drugs And Targeted Therapies Flashcards
Alopecia
Abnormal loss of hair, baldness
Anemia
Decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin value below normal
Antineoplastic
Drug used to treat neoplasia (cancer)
Bone marrow suppression
Decreased production of all blood cells aka meylosuppression
Cell cycle nonspecific
Pertaining to a drug used in cancer treatment, effective in any phase of cell division
Cell cycle specific
Pertaining to a drug used in cancer treatment, affecting a specific phase of cell division
Chemotherapy
Drug therapy with a chemical, often used when referring to treatment with an antineoplastic drug
Metastasis
Spread of cancer outside the original organ or tissue
Neoplasm
A group of cells that undergo an abnormal growth pattern
Neutropenia
Abnormally low number of neutrophils (infection fighting type of white blood cell)
Oncogenes
A genre, which can make a cell become cancerous with specific circumstances
Oral mucositis
Inflammation of the oral mucous membranes
Palliation
Therapy designed to treat symptoms, not to produce a cure
Tumor suppressor genes
A gene, which protects a cell from becoming cancerous
Vesicant
Caustic drug substance
Phase 1 of cell growth
G1 phase: RNA and proteins are built
Phase 2 of cell growth
Phase S: DNA is made from the components of the G1 phase
Phase 3 of cell growth
Phase
G2: RNA and protein synthesis preparing for cell division
Phase 4 of cell growth
Phase M: mitotic cell division (cell has doubles its contents and splits into 2 separate cells)
Phase 5 of cell growth
Phase G0: the dormant or resting phase (cell starts performing its usual function in the body or prepares to start cell division process again)
Fractional kill cell hypothesis
1st chemo treatment will kill 90% of cells, and then this process continues until there is so few cancer cells left, that the immune system takes over and no cancer remains (hypothetically)
Cell cycle specific drugs use
Affect both malignant and normal cells, used to treat leukemias, lymohomas, and a variety of solid tumors
vinca alkaloids MOA
Interfere with amino acid production in the S phase and formation of microtubules in the M phase
taxanes MOA
Interfere in the M phase with microtubukes
Podophyllotoxins MOA
Cells are stopped in the S and G2 phases and are unable to divide
Camptothecin analogs MOA
DNA synthesis during the S phase is inhibited
Antimetabolites use
Many leukemias, lymohomas, and solid tumors and autoimmune diseases
Antimetabolites MOA
Interfere with the synthesis of DNA and RNA In The S phase, making it impossible for both cells to divide
Cell cycle nonspecific Drugs use
To cure, control, or provide palliation for leukemias, lymohomas, and solid tumors and autoimmune diseases
Alkylating agents
Make the cell a more alkaline environment, which damages the cell
Alkylating agents effects considerations
Malignancy cells are more susceptible to the effects rather than normal cells
Nitrogen mustard derivatives MOA
Break or interfere with the cross links in DNA structure
Ethyleneimines MOA
Break or interfere with the cross links in DNA structures
Platinum based drugs MOA
Interfere and real the cross links in DNA structures
Busulfan MOA
Interferes with granulocyte DNA
Busulfan use
Leukemia
Hydrazine group MOA
Interferes with multiple phases in the synthesis of RNA, DNA and protein
Nitrosureas use
Brain tumors because they can cross the blood brain barrier
Antineoplastic antibiotics MOA
Intercederé with DNA and RNA synthesis, delaying or inhibiting cell divisor and blocking the reproductive ability of malignant cells
Doxorubicin use
Solid tumors
Antineoplastics immediate side effects
Nausea, vomiting, IV extravasation of irritating solutions,
Alkylating agents that have a high chance of causing nausea and vomiting
Carboplatin, carmustine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, ifosfamide, lomustine, mechlorethamine, melphalan, procarbazine, streptozocin
Antineoplastic antibiotics that are likely to cause nausea and vomiting
Dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone
Antimetabolites likely to cause nausea and vomiting
Cytarabine, methotrexate
Plant alkaloids likely to cause nausea and vomiting
Irinotecan
Common antineoplastic side effects
Bone marrow suppression, stomatitis , diarrhea, hair loss, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia (can delay cycles of chemo until blood cell counts can be raised again)
antineoplastic Alkaloids side effects
Peripheral tingling sensation, hand and foot syndrome (tiny capillary leaks in extremities, causing skin color changes and numbness), and many other CNS reactions