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Pharmacology HOSA > Antineoplastic Drugs And Targeted Therapies > Flashcards

Antineoplastic Drugs And Targeted Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

Alopecia

A

Abnormal loss of hair, baldness

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2
Q

Anemia

A

Decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin value below normal

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3
Q

Antineoplastic

A

Drug used to treat neoplasia (cancer)

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4
Q

Bone marrow suppression

A

Decreased production of all blood cells aka meylosuppression

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5
Q

Cell cycle nonspecific

A

Pertaining to a drug used in cancer treatment, effective in any phase of cell division

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6
Q

Cell cycle specific

A

Pertaining to a drug used in cancer treatment, affecting a specific phase of cell division

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7
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Drug therapy with a chemical, often used when referring to treatment with an antineoplastic drug

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8
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread of cancer outside the original organ or tissue

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9
Q

Neoplasm

A

A group of cells that undergo an abnormal growth pattern

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10
Q

Neutropenia

A

Abnormally low number of neutrophils (infection fighting type of white blood cell)

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11
Q

Oncogenes

A

A genre, which can make a cell become cancerous with specific circumstances

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12
Q

Oral mucositis

A

Inflammation of the oral mucous membranes

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13
Q

Palliation

A

Therapy designed to treat symptoms, not to produce a cure

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14
Q

Tumor suppressor genes

A

A gene, which protects a cell from becoming cancerous

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15
Q

Vesicant

A

Caustic drug substance

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16
Q

Phase 1 of cell growth

A

G1 phase: RNA and proteins are built

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17
Q

Phase 2 of cell growth

A

Phase S: DNA is made from the components of the G1 phase

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18
Q

Phase 3 of cell growth

A

Phase

G2: RNA and protein synthesis preparing for cell division

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19
Q

Phase 4 of cell growth

A

Phase M: mitotic cell division (cell has doubles its contents and splits into 2 separate cells)

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20
Q

Phase 5 of cell growth

A

Phase G0: the dormant or resting phase (cell starts performing its usual function in the body or prepares to start cell division process again)

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21
Q

Fractional kill cell hypothesis

A

1st chemo treatment will kill 90% of cells, and then this process continues until there is so few cancer cells left, that the immune system takes over and no cancer remains (hypothetically)

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22
Q

Cell cycle specific drugs use

A

Affect both malignant and normal cells, used to treat leukemias, lymohomas, and a variety of solid tumors

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23
Q

vinca alkaloids MOA

A

Interfere with amino acid production in the S phase and formation of microtubules in the M phase

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24
Q

taxanes MOA

A

Interfere in the M phase with microtubukes

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25
Q

Podophyllotoxins MOA

A

Cells are stopped in the S and G2 phases and are unable to divide

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26
Q

Camptothecin analogs MOA

A

DNA synthesis during the S phase is inhibited

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27
Q

Antimetabolites use

A

Many leukemias, lymohomas, and solid tumors and autoimmune diseases

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28
Q

Antimetabolites MOA

A

Interfere with the synthesis of DNA and RNA In The S phase, making it impossible for both cells to divide

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29
Q

Cell cycle nonspecific Drugs use

A

To cure, control, or provide palliation for leukemias, lymohomas, and solid tumors and autoimmune diseases

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30
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Make the cell a more alkaline environment, which damages the cell

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31
Q

Alkylating agents effects considerations

A

Malignancy cells are more susceptible to the effects rather than normal cells

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32
Q

Nitrogen mustard derivatives MOA

A

Break or interfere with the cross links in DNA structure

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33
Q

Ethyleneimines MOA

A

Break or interfere with the cross links in DNA structures

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34
Q

Platinum based drugs MOA

A

Interfere and real the cross links in DNA structures

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35
Q

Busulfan MOA

A

Interferes with granulocyte DNA

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36
Q

Busulfan use

A

Leukemia

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37
Q

Hydrazine group MOA

A

Interferes with multiple phases in the synthesis of RNA, DNA and protein

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38
Q

Nitrosureas use

A

Brain tumors because they can cross the blood brain barrier

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39
Q

Antineoplastic antibiotics MOA

A

Intercederé with DNA and RNA synthesis, delaying or inhibiting cell divisor and blocking the reproductive ability of malignant cells

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40
Q

Doxorubicin use

A

Solid tumors

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41
Q

Antineoplastics immediate side effects

A

Nausea, vomiting, IV extravasation of irritating solutions,

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42
Q

Alkylating agents that have a high chance of causing nausea and vomiting

A

Carboplatin, carmustine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, ifosfamide, lomustine, mechlorethamine, melphalan, procarbazine, streptozocin

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43
Q

Antineoplastic antibiotics that are likely to cause nausea and vomiting

A

Dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone

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44
Q

Antimetabolites likely to cause nausea and vomiting

A

Cytarabine, methotrexate

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45
Q

Plant alkaloids likely to cause nausea and vomiting

A

Irinotecan

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46
Q

Common antineoplastic side effects

A

Bone marrow suppression, stomatitis , diarrhea, hair loss, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia (can delay cycles of chemo until blood cell counts can be raised again)

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47
Q

antineoplastic Alkaloids side effects

A

Peripheral tingling sensation, hand and foot syndrome (tiny capillary leaks in extremities, causing skin color changes and numbness), and many other CNS reactions

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48
Q

Antineoplastic long term side effects

A

Damage to the gonads, causing fertility problems, and can lead to cardia, pulmonary, neurological problems and even secondary cancers

49
Q

Antineoplastic contraindications

A

Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, steroid infections, seroius renal disease, pregnancy

50
Q

Antineoplastics precautions

A

Renal or hepatic impairment, active infection, other debilitated illness, or in people who have recently completed treatment with other antineoplastics or radiation therapy

51
Q

Pregnancy cat C antineoplastics

A

Aspariginase, dacarbazine, mitotane, pegaspargase, streptozocin,

52
Q

Pregnancy cat D antineoplastics

A

Altretamine, azacitidine, bleomycin, busulfan, cabazitaxel, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplastin, cladribine, clofarabine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin + many many more

53
Q

Pregnancy cat X antineoplastic

A

Methotrexate, thaliamide

54
Q

Cytoprotective agents

A

Used with antineoplastics to protect normal cells or organs of the body

55
Q

Cytoprotective agents ex

A

Allopurinol and rasburicase (stop uric acid increase and hyperuricemia) amifostine (protect kidneys), dexrazoxane (cardioprotective), famotidine (reduce hypersensitivity), lecuvorin and glucarpidase (provide folic acid), levoleucovorin (rescue for high dose methotrexate), mesna (protect bladder), palifermin (help cells in oral cavity recover)

56
Q

Plant alkaloids interactions

A

Increased serum levels of digoxin, phenytoin increases seizure risk, oral anticoagulants prolong bleeding

57
Q

Antimetabolites interactions

A

Decreased serum level of digoxin, phenytoin decreases need for anti seizure meds, NSAIDs increase risk of methotrexate toxicity

58
Q

Alkylating drugs interactions

A

Aminoglycosides increase risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, loop diuretics increase risk of ototoxicity, and phenytoin increases risk of seizures

59
Q

Antineoplastic antibiotics interactions

A

Decreased serum levels of digoxin

60
Q

Antineoplastics misc interactions

A

Insulin and oral antidiabetics increase risk of hyperglycemia, oral anticoagulants prolong bleeding, antidepressants, antihistamines, opiates and sedatives increase risk of CNS depression

61
Q

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2) MOA

A

Higher amount of protein in cancer cell becomes a target for HER-2 in breast cancer

62
Q

Vemurafenib MOA

A

Mutated protein in melanoma is the target of this

63
Q

Imatinib MOA

A

in some leukemia cells, 2 different genes can fuse together, becoming the target for this

64
Q

Targeted therapy Sid effects nature

A

Less side effects than chemo because they leave healthy cells alone

65
Q

Targeted therapy side effects

A

Acne rash, dry skin,nail changes, hair depigmentation, photosensitivity, thinning, brittle, yellowish dry hair, increased facial hair, diarrhea, hepatitis, elevated liver enzymes, hand and foot syndrome, angioedema, delayed blood clotting and wound healing, high blood pressure or cardiac damage

66
Q

Targeted therapy for adenocarcinoma of the stomach ex

A

Trastuzumab, ramucirumab

67
Q

Targeted therapy for basal cell carcinoma ex

A

Vismodegib, sonidegib

68
Q

Targeted therapy for bladder cancer ex

A

Atezolizumab

69
Q

Targeted therapy for brain cancer ex

A

Bevacizumab, everolimus

70
Q

Targeted therapy for breast cancer ex

A

Everolimus, tamoxifen, toremifene, tratazumab, fulvestrant, anastrozole, exemestane, lapatinib, letrozole, pertuzumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, palbociclib

71
Q

Cervical cancer targeted therapy ex

A

Bevacizumab

72
Q

Colorectal cancer targeted therapies ex

A

Cetuximab, panitumumab, bevacizumab, ziv-alfibercept, regorafenib, ramucirumab

73
Q

Endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors targeted therapy ex

A

Lanreotide

74
Q

Head and neck cancer targeted therapies

A

Cetuximab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab

75
Q

Gastrointestinal storm al tumor (GIST) targeted therapies ex

A

Imatinib, sunitinib, regorafenib

76
Q

Kaposi sarcoms targeted therapies ex

A

Alitretinoin

77
Q

Kidney cancer targeted therapies ex

A

Bevacizumab, sorafenib, sunitinib, pazobanib, temsirolimus, everolimus, axitinib, nivolumab, cabozantinib, levantinib

78
Q

Leukemia targeted therapies ex

A

Tretinoin, imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, rituximab, alemtuzumab, ofatumumab, obinutuzumab, omacetaxine, ibrutinib, idelalisib, blinatuminab, venetoclax

79
Q

Liver cancer targeted therapy ex

80
Q

Lung cancer targeted therapy ex

A

Bevacizumab, crizotinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, ceritinib, ramucirumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, osimertinib, necitumumab, alectinib, atezolizumab

81
Q

Lymohomas targeted therapies ex

A

Ibritumomab tiuxetan, denileukin diftitox, brentuximab vedotin, rituximab, vorinostat, romidepsin, bexarotene, bortezomib, pralatrexate, ibrutinib, siltuximab, idelalisib, belinostat, obinutuzumab, nivolumab

82
Q

Melanoma targeted therapy ex

A

Ipilimumab, vemurafenib, trametinib, dabrafenib, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cobimetinib

83
Q

Multiple myeloma targeted therapy ex

A

Bortezomib, carfilzomib, panobinostat, daratumumab, ixazomib, elotuzumab, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, thalidomide (last 3 cause extreme birth defects and are administered under strict protocol)

84
Q

Myelodyplastic/myeloproliferative disorders targeted therapies ex

A

Imatinib, ruxolitinib

85
Q

Neuroblastoma targeted therapies ex

A

Dinutuximab

86
Q

Ovarian and female GU cancers targeted therapies ex

A

Bevacizumab, olaparib

87
Q

Pancreatic cancer targeted therapies ex

A

Erlotinib, everolimus, sunitinib,

88
Q

Prostate cancer targeted therapies ex

A

Cabazitaxel, enzalutamide, abiraterone, radium 223 dichloride

89
Q

Soft tissue sarcoma targeted therapies ex

A

Pazopanib, olaratumab

90
Q

Thyroid cancer targeted therapy ex

A

Cabozantinib, vandetanib, sorafenib, lenvatinib

91
Q

Signs of improvement with erlotinib

A

Acne-like rash occurs

92
Q

Signs of improvement with gefitinib

A

Acne-like rash

93
Q

Signs of improvement with bevacizumab

A

Increased blood pressure

94
Q

Targeted therapies interactions

A

May interfere with oral contraceptives, oral antidiabetics increase blood glucose levels, and increased bleeding can occur with anticoagulants

95
Q

Targeted therapies precautions

A

Children, immunosuppression and reduced sperm count can occur

96
Q

Vismodegib contraindications

A

Don’t give blood for a year after treatment

97
Q

Sonidegib contraindications

A

Don’t give blood for 1 year after treatment

98
Q

Antineoplastic pregnancy considerations

A

Pregnancy nurses shouldn’t handle these drugs

99
Q

Temozolomide side effects

A

Very severe leukopenia in conjunction with radiation to the brain, patients should be started on prophylactic therapy to prevent pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

100
Q

Who is at the greatest risk for extravastation

A

Elderly, debilitated, confused, and patients with fragile veins

101
Q

Vinca alkaloids ex

A

Vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine

102
Q

Taxanes ex

A

Cabazitaxel, docetaxel, paclitaxel,

103
Q

Podophyllotoxins ex

A

Etoposide, teniposide

104
Q

Camptothecin analogs ex

A

Irinotecan, topotecan

105
Q

Antimetabolites ex

A

Azacitidine, capecitabine, cladribine, clofarabine, cytarabine, decitabine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, nelarbine, pemetrexed, pentostatin, pralatrexate, trifluridine, thioguanine

106
Q

Misc cell cycle specific drugs ex

A

Ixabepilone

107
Q

Nitrogen mustard derivatives ex

A

Chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, melphalan

108
Q

Ethyleneimines ex

A

Altretamine, bendamustine, thiotepa

109
Q

Alkyl sulfonate ex

110
Q

Hydrazine ex

A

Dacarbazine, procarbazine, temozolomide,

111
Q

Nitrosoureas ex

A

Carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin

112
Q

Platinum based drugs ex

A

Cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin,

113
Q

Antineoplastic antibiotics ex

A

Bleomycin, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitomycin, mitoxantrone

114
Q

DNA inhibitor ex

A

Hydroxyurea

115
Q

Adrenocortical inhibitor ex

116
Q

Antineoplastic enzymes ex

A

Asparaginase, pegaspargase

117
Q

Antimicrotubule agents ex

A

Estramustine

118
Q

Retinoids ex

A

Tretinoin, bexarotene

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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