Antineoplastic Drugs And Targeted Therapies Flashcards
1
Q
Alopecia
A
Abnormal loss of hair, baldness
2
Q
Anemia
A
Decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin value below normal
3
Q
Antineoplastic
A
Drug used to treat neoplasia (cancer)
4
Q
Bone marrow suppression
A
Decreased production of all blood cells aka meylosuppression
5
Q
Cell cycle nonspecific
A
Pertaining to a drug used in cancer treatment, effective in any phase of cell division
6
Q
Cell cycle specific
A
Pertaining to a drug used in cancer treatment, affecting a specific phase of cell division
7
Q
Chemotherapy
A
Drug therapy with a chemical, often used when referring to treatment with an antineoplastic drug
8
Q
Metastasis
A
Spread of cancer outside the original organ or tissue
9
Q
Neoplasm
A
A group of cells that undergo an abnormal growth pattern
10
Q
Neutropenia
A
Abnormally low number of neutrophils (infection fighting type of white blood cell)
11
Q
Oncogenes
A
A genre, which can make a cell become cancerous with specific circumstances
12
Q
Oral mucositis
A
Inflammation of the oral mucous membranes
13
Q
Palliation
A
Therapy designed to treat symptoms, not to produce a cure
14
Q
Tumor suppressor genes
A
A gene, which protects a cell from becoming cancerous
15
Q
Vesicant
A
Caustic drug substance
16
Q
Phase 1 of cell growth
A
G1 phase: RNA and proteins are built
17
Q
Phase 2 of cell growth
A
Phase S: DNA is made from the components of the G1 phase
18
Q
Phase 3 of cell growth
A
Phase
G2: RNA and protein synthesis preparing for cell division
19
Q
Phase 4 of cell growth
A
Phase M: mitotic cell division (cell has doubles its contents and splits into 2 separate cells)
20
Q
Phase 5 of cell growth
A
Phase G0: the dormant or resting phase (cell starts performing its usual function in the body or prepares to start cell division process again)
21
Q
Fractional kill cell hypothesis
A
1st chemo treatment will kill 90% of cells, and then this process continues until there is so few cancer cells left, that the immune system takes over and no cancer remains (hypothetically)
22
Q
Cell cycle specific drugs use
A
Affect both malignant and normal cells, used to treat leukemias, lymohomas, and a variety of solid tumors
23
Q
vinca alkaloids MOA
A
Interfere with amino acid production in the S phase and formation of microtubules in the M phase
24
Q
taxanes MOA
A
Interfere in the M phase with microtubukes
25
Podophyllotoxins MOA
Cells are stopped in the S and G2 phases and are unable to divide
26
Camptothecin analogs MOA
DNA synthesis during the S phase is inhibited
27
Antimetabolites use
Many leukemias, lymohomas, and solid tumors and autoimmune diseases
28
Antimetabolites MOA
Interfere with the synthesis of DNA and RNA In The S phase, making it impossible for both cells to divide
29
Cell cycle nonspecific Drugs use
To cure, control, or provide palliation for leukemias, lymohomas, and solid tumors and autoimmune diseases
30
Alkylating agents
Make the cell a more alkaline environment, which damages the cell
31
Alkylating agents effects considerations
Malignancy cells are more susceptible to the effects rather than normal cells
32
Nitrogen mustard derivatives MOA
Break or interfere with the cross links in DNA structure
33
Ethyleneimines MOA
Break or interfere with the cross links in DNA structures
34
Platinum based drugs MOA
Interfere and real the cross links in DNA structures
35
Busulfan MOA
Interferes with granulocyte DNA
36
Busulfan use
Leukemia
37
Hydrazine group MOA
Interferes with multiple phases in the synthesis of RNA, DNA and protein
38
Nitrosureas use
Brain tumors because they can cross the blood brain barrier
39
Antineoplastic antibiotics MOA
Intercederé with DNA and RNA synthesis, delaying or inhibiting cell divisor and blocking the reproductive ability of malignant cells
40
Doxorubicin use
Solid tumors
41
Antineoplastics immediate side effects
Nausea, vomiting, IV extravasation of irritating solutions,
42
Alkylating agents that have a high chance of causing nausea and vomiting
Carboplatin, carmustine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, ifosfamide, lomustine, mechlorethamine, melphalan, procarbazine, streptozocin
43
Antineoplastic antibiotics that are likely to cause nausea and vomiting
Dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone
44
Antimetabolites likely to cause nausea and vomiting
Cytarabine, methotrexate
45
Plant alkaloids likely to cause nausea and vomiting
Irinotecan
46
Common antineoplastic side effects
Bone marrow suppression, stomatitis , diarrhea, hair loss, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia (can delay cycles of chemo until blood cell counts can be raised again)
47
antineoplastic Alkaloids side effects
Peripheral tingling sensation, hand and foot syndrome (tiny capillary leaks in extremities, causing skin color changes and numbness), and many other CNS reactions
48
Antineoplastic long term side effects
Damage to the gonads, causing fertility problems, and can lead to cardia, pulmonary, neurological problems and even secondary cancers
49
Antineoplastic contraindications
Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, steroid infections, seroius renal disease, pregnancy
50
Antineoplastics precautions
Renal or hepatic impairment, active infection, other debilitated illness, or in people who have recently completed treatment with other antineoplastics or radiation therapy
51
Pregnancy cat C antineoplastics
Aspariginase, dacarbazine, mitotane, pegaspargase, streptozocin,
52
Pregnancy cat D antineoplastics
Altretamine, azacitidine, bleomycin, busulfan, cabazitaxel, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplastin, cladribine, clofarabine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin + many many more
53
Pregnancy cat X antineoplastic
Methotrexate, thaliamide
54
Cytoprotective agents
Used with antineoplastics to protect normal cells or organs of the body
55
Cytoprotective agents ex
Allopurinol and rasburicase (stop uric acid increase and hyperuricemia) amifostine (protect kidneys), dexrazoxane (cardioprotective), famotidine (reduce hypersensitivity), lecuvorin and glucarpidase (provide folic acid), levoleucovorin (rescue for high dose methotrexate), mesna (protect bladder), palifermin (help cells in oral cavity recover)
56
Plant alkaloids interactions
Increased serum levels of digoxin, phenytoin increases seizure risk, oral anticoagulants prolong bleeding
57
Antimetabolites interactions
Decreased serum level of digoxin, phenytoin decreases need for anti seizure meds, NSAIDs increase risk of methotrexate toxicity
58
Alkylating drugs interactions
Aminoglycosides increase risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, loop diuretics increase risk of ototoxicity, and phenytoin increases risk of seizures
59
Antineoplastic antibiotics interactions
Decreased serum levels of digoxin
60
Antineoplastics misc interactions
Insulin and oral antidiabetics increase risk of hyperglycemia, oral anticoagulants prolong bleeding, antidepressants, antihistamines, opiates and sedatives increase risk of CNS depression
61
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2) MOA
Higher amount of protein in cancer cell becomes a target for HER-2 in breast cancer
62
Vemurafenib MOA
Mutated protein in melanoma is the target of this
63
Imatinib MOA
in some leukemia cells, 2 different genes can fuse together, becoming the target for this
64
Targeted therapy Sid effects nature
Less side effects than chemo because they leave healthy cells alone
65
Targeted therapy side effects
Acne rash, dry skin,nail changes, hair depigmentation, photosensitivity, thinning, brittle, yellowish dry hair, increased facial hair, diarrhea, hepatitis, elevated liver enzymes, hand and foot syndrome, angioedema, delayed blood clotting and wound healing, high blood pressure or cardiac damage
66
Targeted therapy for adenocarcinoma of the stomach ex
Trastuzumab, ramucirumab
67
Targeted therapy for basal cell carcinoma ex
Vismodegib, sonidegib
68
Targeted therapy for bladder cancer ex
Atezolizumab
69
Targeted therapy for brain cancer ex
Bevacizumab, everolimus
70
Targeted therapy for breast cancer ex
Everolimus, tamoxifen, toremifene, tratazumab, fulvestrant, anastrozole, exemestane, lapatinib, letrozole, pertuzumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, palbociclib
71
Cervical cancer targeted therapy ex
Bevacizumab
72
Colorectal cancer targeted therapies ex
Cetuximab, panitumumab, bevacizumab, ziv-alfibercept, regorafenib, ramucirumab
73
Endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors targeted therapy ex
Lanreotide
74
Head and neck cancer targeted therapies
Cetuximab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab
75
Gastrointestinal storm al tumor (GIST) targeted therapies ex
Imatinib, sunitinib, regorafenib
76
Kaposi sarcoms targeted therapies ex
Alitretinoin
77
Kidney cancer targeted therapies ex
Bevacizumab, sorafenib, sunitinib, pazobanib, temsirolimus, everolimus, axitinib, nivolumab, cabozantinib, levantinib
78
Leukemia targeted therapies ex
Tretinoin, imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, rituximab, alemtuzumab, ofatumumab, obinutuzumab, omacetaxine, ibrutinib, idelalisib, blinatuminab, venetoclax
79
Liver cancer targeted therapy ex
Sorafenib
80
Lung cancer targeted therapy ex
Bevacizumab, crizotinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, ceritinib, ramucirumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, osimertinib, necitumumab, alectinib, atezolizumab
81
Lymohomas targeted therapies ex
Ibritumomab tiuxetan, denileukin diftitox, brentuximab vedotin, rituximab, vorinostat, romidepsin, bexarotene, bortezomib, pralatrexate, ibrutinib, siltuximab, idelalisib, belinostat, obinutuzumab, nivolumab
82
Melanoma targeted therapy ex
Ipilimumab, vemurafenib, trametinib, dabrafenib, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cobimetinib
83
Multiple myeloma targeted therapy ex
Bortezomib, carfilzomib, panobinostat, daratumumab, ixazomib, elotuzumab, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, thalidomide (last 3 cause extreme birth defects and are administered under strict protocol)
84
Myelodyplastic/myeloproliferative disorders targeted therapies ex
Imatinib, ruxolitinib
85
Neuroblastoma targeted therapies ex
Dinutuximab
86
Ovarian and female GU cancers targeted therapies ex
Bevacizumab, olaparib
87
Pancreatic cancer targeted therapies ex
Erlotinib, everolimus, sunitinib,
88
Prostate cancer targeted therapies ex
Cabazitaxel, enzalutamide, abiraterone, radium 223 dichloride
89
Soft tissue sarcoma targeted therapies ex
Pazopanib, olaratumab
90
Thyroid cancer targeted therapy ex
Cabozantinib, vandetanib, sorafenib, lenvatinib
91
Signs of improvement with erlotinib
Acne-like rash occurs
92
Signs of improvement with gefitinib
Acne-like rash
93
Signs of improvement with bevacizumab
Increased blood pressure
94
Targeted therapies interactions
May interfere with oral contraceptives, oral antidiabetics increase blood glucose levels, and increased bleeding can occur with anticoagulants
95
Targeted therapies precautions
Children, immunosuppression and reduced sperm count can occur
96
Vismodegib contraindications
Don’t give blood for a year after treatment
97
Sonidegib contraindications
Don’t give blood for 1 year after treatment
98
Antineoplastic pregnancy considerations
Pregnancy nurses shouldn’t handle these drugs
99
Temozolomide side effects
Very severe leukopenia in conjunction with radiation to the brain, patients should be started on prophylactic therapy to prevent pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
100
Who is at the greatest risk for extravastation
Elderly, debilitated, confused, and patients with fragile veins
101
Vinca alkaloids ex
Vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine
102
Taxanes ex
Cabazitaxel, docetaxel, paclitaxel,
103
Podophyllotoxins ex
Etoposide, teniposide
104
Camptothecin analogs ex
Irinotecan, topotecan
105
Antimetabolites ex
Azacitidine, capecitabine, cladribine, clofarabine, cytarabine, decitabine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, nelarbine, pemetrexed, pentostatin, pralatrexate, trifluridine, thioguanine
106
Misc cell cycle specific drugs ex
Ixabepilone
107
Nitrogen mustard derivatives ex
Chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, melphalan
108
Ethyleneimines ex
Altretamine, bendamustine, thiotepa
109
Alkyl sulfonate ex
Busulfan
110
Hydrazine ex
Dacarbazine, procarbazine, temozolomide,
111
Nitrosoureas ex
Carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin
112
Platinum based drugs ex
Cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin,
113
Antineoplastic antibiotics ex
Bleomycin, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitomycin, mitoxantrone
114
DNA inhibitor ex
Hydroxyurea
115
Adrenocortical inhibitor ex
Mitotane
116
Antineoplastic enzymes ex
Asparaginase, pegaspargase
117
Antimicrotubule agents ex
Estramustine
118
Retinoids ex
Tretinoin, bexarotene
