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Pharmacology HOSA > Adrenergic Drugs > Flashcards

Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic

A

Pertaining to the sympathetic branch of the nervous system, which controls heart rate, breathing rate, and ability to divert blood to the skeletal muscles

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2
Q

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

Division of the peripheral nervous system concerned with Functions essential to the life of the organism and not consciously controlled (blood pressure, heart rate, GI activity)

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3
Q

Catecholamine

A

Neurotransmitters that are released during the body’s stress response and include norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine

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4
Q

Extravastation

A

Escape of fluid from a blood vessels into surrounding tissue

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5
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical substances released at the nerve ending that facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses

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6
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter that transmits impulses across the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Pertaining to the part of the autonomic nervous system concerned with conserving body energy (sowing heart rate, digesting food, and eliminating waste)

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8
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

All nerves outside of brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Shock

A

Inadequate blood flow to the bodily tissues

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10
Q

Stroke volume

A

The volume of blood ejected from a ventricle at each heart beat

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11
Q

Vasopressors

A

Drugs that raise the blood pressure

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12
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

Drugs that mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system

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13
Q

What do adrenergic drugs do to CNS

A

Wakefulness, quick reaction to stimuli, quickened reflexes

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14
Q

What do adrenergic drugs do to ANS

A

Relaxation of smooth muscles of bronchi, constriction of blood vessels, sphincters of the stomach, dilation of coronary blood vessels, and decrease in gastric motility

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15
Q

What do adrenergic drugs do to Heart

A

Increase heart rate

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16
Q

What do adrenergic drugs do to metabolism

A

Increase glucose use, and liberation of fatty acids from adipose tissue

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17
Q

Receptor selectivity of isoproterenol

A

Beta receptors

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18
Q

Receptor selectivity of epinephrine

A

Non selective

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19
Q

Alpha 1 receptor effect

A

Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels

20
Q

Alpha 2 receptor effect

A

Regulates release of neurotransmitters, decreases tone, motility, and secretions of GI tract

21
Q

Beta 1 receptor effect

A

Increased heart rate, increased force of myocardial contraction

22
Q

Beta 2 receptor effects

A

Vasodilation of peripheral vessels, bronchodilation

23
Q

Adrenergic drugs uses

A

Hypovolemic and septic shock, hypotension, control of superficial bleeding during mouth, nose throat, and skin surgery, cardiac decompensation and arrest, allergic reactions, temporary treatment of heart block, ventricular arrhythmia, respiratory distress, nasal congestion, glaucoma

24
Q

Short acting beta 2 Agonists use

A

Acute respiratory symptom relief

25
Q

Short acting beta 2 Agonists ex

A

Albuterol, epinephrine, levalbuterol, metaproterenol, terbutaline

26
Q

Long acting beta 2 Agonists use

A

Long term respiratory management

27
Q

Long acting beta 2 Agonists ex

A

Arformoterol, formoterol, indacaterol, salmeterol

28
Q

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists use

A

Optic agents

29
Q

Alpha 2 adrenergic Agonists ex

A

Brimonidine tartrate

30
Q

Sympathomimetics ex

A

Apraclonidine, dipivefrin, epinephrine

31
Q

Sympathomimetics use

A

Bronchodilators in the treatment of respiratory problems, or topically in the treatment of glaucoma

32
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Occurs when blood volume is severely diminished (hemorrhage, fluid loss caused by burns, dehydration, excess diuresis)

33
Q

Cardiogenic-obstructive shock

A

Occurs when cardiac output is insufficient and perfusion to the vital organs can’t be maintained

34
Q

Distributive (vasogenic) shock

A

Occurs when there are changes to the blood vessels causing dilation, but no additional blood volume, the blood is redistributed in the body.

35
Q

Septic shock

A

Circulatory insufficiency resulting from overwhelming infection

36
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Hypersensitivity resulting in massive systemic vasodilation

37
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

Interference with PNS control of blood vessels

38
Q

Shock side effects

A

Decrease in cardiac output, decrease in arterial blood pressure, reabsorption of water by the kidneys, decrease in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, increase in carbon dioxide and decrease in oxygen in the lungs

39
Q

Management of shock

A

Aimed at roviding basic life support, and correcting underlying cause, and initial drug given would be a vasopressor

40
Q

Adrenergic drugs side effects

A

Cardiac arrhythmia (bradycardia or tachycardia), headache, nausea, vomiting, increased blood pressure

41
Q

Epinephrine isn’t for

A

Elderly

42
Q

Isoproterenol contraindications

A

Tachyarrhythmias, heart block caused by digitalis toxicity, ventricular arrhythmia, and angina

43
Q

Epinephrine contraindications

A

Narrow angle glaucoma, and as a local anesthetic adjunct in fingers and toes

44
Q

Norepinephrine contraindications

A

Hypotension from blood volume deficits

45
Q

Midorine side effects

A

Severe hypotension in patients who are lying down

46
Q

Adrenergic drugs precautions

A

Coronary insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmia, angina lector is, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, occlusive vascular disease, or prostatic hypertrophy, pregnancy (cat C)

47
Q

Adrenergic drugs interactions

A

Antidepressants increase sympathomimetic effect, oxytocin increase risk of hypertension

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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