Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards
Adrenergic
Pertaining to the sympathetic branch of the nervous system, which controls heart rate, breathing rate, and ability to divert blood to the skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Division of the peripheral nervous system concerned with Functions essential to the life of the organism and not consciously controlled (blood pressure, heart rate, GI activity)
Catecholamine
Neurotransmitters that are released during the body’s stress response and include norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine
Extravastation
Escape of fluid from a blood vessels into surrounding tissue
Neurotransmitter
Chemical substances released at the nerve ending that facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses
Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitter that transmits impulses across the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic
Pertaining to the part of the autonomic nervous system concerned with conserving body energy (sowing heart rate, digesting food, and eliminating waste)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
All nerves outside of brain and spinal cord
Shock
Inadequate blood flow to the bodily tissues
Stroke volume
The volume of blood ejected from a ventricle at each heart beat
Vasopressors
Drugs that raise the blood pressure
Sympathomimetic
Drugs that mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system
What do adrenergic drugs do to CNS
Wakefulness, quick reaction to stimuli, quickened reflexes
What do adrenergic drugs do to ANS
Relaxation of smooth muscles of bronchi, constriction of blood vessels, sphincters of the stomach, dilation of coronary blood vessels, and decrease in gastric motility
What do adrenergic drugs do to Heart
Increase heart rate
What do adrenergic drugs do to metabolism
Increase glucose use, and liberation of fatty acids from adipose tissue
Receptor selectivity of isoproterenol
Beta receptors
Receptor selectivity of epinephrine
Non selective
Alpha 1 receptor effect
Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels
Alpha 2 receptor effect
Regulates release of neurotransmitters, decreases tone, motility, and secretions of GI tract
Beta 1 receptor effect
Increased heart rate, increased force of myocardial contraction
Beta 2 receptor effects
Vasodilation of peripheral vessels, bronchodilation
Adrenergic drugs uses
Hypovolemic and septic shock, hypotension, control of superficial bleeding during mouth, nose throat, and skin surgery, cardiac decompensation and arrest, allergic reactions, temporary treatment of heart block, ventricular arrhythmia, respiratory distress, nasal congestion, glaucoma
Short acting beta 2 Agonists use
Acute respiratory symptom relief
Short acting beta 2 Agonists ex
Albuterol, epinephrine, levalbuterol, metaproterenol, terbutaline
Long acting beta 2 Agonists use
Long term respiratory management
Long acting beta 2 Agonists ex
Arformoterol, formoterol, indacaterol, salmeterol
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists use
Optic agents
Alpha 2 adrenergic Agonists ex
Brimonidine tartrate
Sympathomimetics ex
Apraclonidine, dipivefrin, epinephrine
Sympathomimetics use
Bronchodilators in the treatment of respiratory problems, or topically in the treatment of glaucoma
Hypovolemic shock
Occurs when blood volume is severely diminished (hemorrhage, fluid loss caused by burns, dehydration, excess diuresis)
Cardiogenic-obstructive shock
Occurs when cardiac output is insufficient and perfusion to the vital organs can’t be maintained
Distributive (vasogenic) shock
Occurs when there are changes to the blood vessels causing dilation, but no additional blood volume, the blood is redistributed in the body.
Septic shock
Circulatory insufficiency resulting from overwhelming infection
Anaphylactic shock
Hypersensitivity resulting in massive systemic vasodilation
Neurogenic shock
Interference with PNS control of blood vessels
Shock side effects
Decrease in cardiac output, decrease in arterial blood pressure, reabsorption of water by the kidneys, decrease in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, increase in carbon dioxide and decrease in oxygen in the lungs
Management of shock
Aimed at roviding basic life support, and correcting underlying cause, and initial drug given would be a vasopressor
Adrenergic drugs side effects
Cardiac arrhythmia (bradycardia or tachycardia), headache, nausea, vomiting, increased blood pressure
Epinephrine isn’t for
Elderly
Isoproterenol contraindications
Tachyarrhythmias, heart block caused by digitalis toxicity, ventricular arrhythmia, and angina
Epinephrine contraindications
Narrow angle glaucoma, and as a local anesthetic adjunct in fingers and toes
Norepinephrine contraindications
Hypotension from blood volume deficits
Midorine side effects
Severe hypotension in patients who are lying down
Adrenergic drugs precautions
Coronary insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmia, angina lector is, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, occlusive vascular disease, or prostatic hypertrophy, pregnancy (cat C)
Adrenergic drugs interactions
Antidepressants increase sympathomimetic effect, oxytocin increase risk of hypertension
