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Pharmacology HOSA > Pituitary And Adrenocortical Hormones > Flashcards

Pituitary And Adrenocortical Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal insufficiency

A

Diminished adrenal gland production resulting in a deficiency in corticosteroids

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2
Q

Anovulatory

A

A menstrual cycle in which ovulation doesn’t occur

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3
Q

Cryptorchism

A

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum

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4
Q

Cushingoid

A

Group of symptoms (including moon face, Buffalo hump), because of the disease caused by the overproduction of endogenous glucocorticoids

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5
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Disease caused by failure of the pituitary gland to secrete vasopressin or by surgical removal of the pituitary

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6
Q

Feedback mechanism

A

Method used by glands to signal need for or cessation of hormonal production

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7
Q

Gonads

A

Glands responsible for sexual activity and characteristics

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8
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excess growth of facial and body hair in women

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9
Q

Hyperstimulation syndrome

A

Sudden ovarian enlargement caused by overstimulation

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10
Q

Vasopressin MOA

A

Regulate the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. Exhibits its greatest activity on the renal tubular epithelium, also has some vasopressor activity

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11
Q

Vasopressin use

A

Treating diabetes insipidus, preventing and treating abdominal distention and for dispelling gas interfering with abdominal roentgenography

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12
Q

Diabetes insipidus signs

A

Marked increase in urination, excessive thirst

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13
Q

Vasopressin side effects

A

Tremor, sweating, vertigo, nasal congestion, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, water intoxication (overdose and toxicity)

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14
Q

Vasopressin precautions

A

History of seizures, migraine headaches, asthma, heart failure, vascular disease, and perioperative polyuria, pregnancy (cat C)

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15
Q

Desmopressin acetate precautions

A

Pregnancy (cat B), lactation, typically used when diabetes insipidus occurs during pregnancy

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16
Q

Vasopressin interactions

A

Decreased effect of vasopressin with norepinephrine, lithium, oral anticoagulants, and increased vasopressin effect with carbamazepine, and chlorpropamide

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17
Q

Symptoms of water intoxicating

A

Drowsiness, listlessness, confusion, headache (which can precede convulsions and coma)

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18
Q

Hormones of the anterior pituitary

A

Thyroid timulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin

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19
Q

ACTH MOA

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete the corticosteroids in response to biologic stress

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20
Q

FSH and LH MOA

A

Called gonadotropins, influence the gonads

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21
Q

GH MOA

A

Aka somatropin, and contributes to the growth of the body during childhood, especially the growth of muscles and bones

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22
Q

Prolactin MOA

A

Stimulates the production of breast milk (not used medically)

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23
Q

Gonadotropine MOA

A

Extracted form the urine of postmenopausal women, or produced by a recombinant form of DNA

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24
Q

Gonadotropins use

A

Índice ovulation and pregnancy in anovulatory women

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25
Q

Menopur use

A

Stimulate multiple follicles for IVF

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26
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) use

A

Used in boys to treat cryptorchism, and in men to treat hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

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27
Q

Follitism AQ use

A

Induce sperm production

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28
Q

Clomiphene use

A

Cause the anterior pituitary hormone to increase secretion of FSH and LH, used to índice ovulation in anovulatory women

29
Q

Ganirelix use

A

Cause pituitary to increase secretion of FSH and LH, and are used to induce ovulation of anovulatory women

30
Q

Gonadotropins side effects

A

Vasomotor flushes, breast tenderness, abdominal discomfort, ovarian enlargement, hemoperitoneum, nausea, vomiting, headache, irritability, restlessness, fatigue, irritation at injection site

31
Q

Gonadotropins contraindications

A

Pregnancy, (cat X), high gonadotropin levels, thyroid dysfunction, adrenal dysfunction, liver disease, abnormal bleeding, ovarian cysts, sex hormone dependent tumors, or people with an organic intracranial lesion

32
Q

Gonadotropins precautions

A

Epilepsy, migraines, asthma, cardiac or renal dysfunction, and lactation

33
Q

Signs of excessive ovarian enlargement

A

Abdominal distention, pain, ascites

34
Q

Gonadotropins: discontinue if

A

Visual disturbances, or signs of excessive ovarian enlargement

35
Q

GH use

A

Given to children who haven’t grown because if a growth hormone deficiency, and must be used before the closure of the child’s bone epiphyses, and are also used in adults to supplement to lack of endogenous hormone

36
Q

GH is ineffective in..

A

people with closed epiphyses,

37
Q

Serostim use

A

Patients with HIV to stop severe muscle wasting

38
Q

GH side effects

A

Few, but antibodies may develop, resulting in failure to experience a response to therapy. Some may experiment hypothyroidism or insulin resistance or swelling, joint pain, and muscle pain

39
Q

GH contraindications

A

Allergy to benzoyl alcoho,, and those with epiphyseal closure or underlying cranial lesion

40
Q

GH precautions

A

Thyroid disease, or diabetes, and pregnancy (cat C) and lactation

41
Q

GH interactions

A

Excessive glucocorticoids can decrease response to GH

42
Q

Corticosteroids include

A

Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

43
Q

Glucocorticoids MOA

A

Enter target cells and bind to receptors, initiating many complex reactions (anti inflammatory, regulation of blood pressure, metabolism of carbs and protein, metabolism of fat, interference with the immune response, protection during stress, and CNS responses)

44
Q

Glucocorticoids ex

A

Hydrocortisone, prednisone, triamcinolone

45
Q

Glucocorticoids use

A

Adrenocortical insufficiency, allergic reactions, collagen diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus), dermatologic conditions, rheumatic disorders, shock, endocrine disorders, ophthalmic disease, respiratory diseases, hematologic disorders, neoplastic diseases, edematous diseases, GI diseases, and nervous system disorders

46
Q

Glucocorticoids side effects

A

Many of the signs and symptoms seen with Cushing syndrome, which include, buffalo hump, moon face, oily skin, acne, osteoporosis, purple striae on the abdomen and hips, skin pigmentation and weight gain, also include fluid and electrolyte disturbances, musculoskeletal disturbances, cardiovascular disturbances, GI disturbances, neurological disturbances, and endocrine disturbances, ophthalmic disturbances, metabolic disorders

47
Q

Glucocorticoids contraindications

A

Serious infections, (TB, and fungal and antibiotic resistant infections), live virus vaccines will increase any side effects to the vaccine

48
Q

Glucocorticoids precautions

A

Renal or hepatic disease, hypothyroidism, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, convulsive disorders, and diabetes, and pregnancy (cat
C) and lactation

49
Q

Hydorcortisone interactions

A

Cholestyramine will decrease hydrocortisone effects

50
Q

Corticosteroids interactions

A

Oral contraceptives, estrogens, and ketoconazole increase effects of corticosteroids, and hydantoins and rifampin decrease effects of corticosteroids, anticholinesterwse effects may be antagonized in myasthenia gravis, anticoagulant doses may have to be reduced, and action will be decreased, increased risk of digoxin toxicity associated with hypokalemia, decreased isoniazid serum levels, hypokalemia with potassium sparing diuretics, reduced effectiveness and reduces serum levels of salicylates, and alterations in the activity of theophylline

51
Q

Mineralocorticoids use

A

Controlling salt and water balance,

52
Q

Mineralocorticoids ex

A

fludrocortisone (Drug)

53
Q

Fludrocortisone use

A

Replacement therapy for primary and adrenocortical deficiency

54
Q

Fludrocortisone side effects

A

Edema, hypertension, HF, hear enlargement, increased sweating, allergic skin rash, hypokalemia, muscular weakness, headache, allergic reactions. Reactions can occur of dose is too high, too prolonged, or if withdrawal is too fast

55
Q

Fludrocortisone contraindications

A

Systemic fungal infections

56
Q

Fludrocortisone precautions

A

Addison disease, during pregnancy (cat C), lactation

57
Q

Fludrocortisone interactions

A

Decreased effects of hydantoins and rifampin, decrease in serum levels of salicylates

58
Q

Corticosteroids elderly considerations

A

Administered with caution, because they se more likely to have ore existing conditions (HF, hypertension, osteoporosis, arthritis) that can be worsened by drugs

59
Q

Glucocorticoids discontinuation considerations

A

Always taper off, (over 7-10 days)

60
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones ex

A

Desmopressin, vasopressin

61
Q

Gonadotropins: ovarian stimulants ex

A

Choriogonadotropin, gonadotropin

62
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormones/synthetics ex

A

Nafarelin

63
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists

A

Cetrorelix, ganirelix

64
Q

Nonsteroidal ovarian stimulant ex

A

Clomiphene

65
Q

Growth hormone and hormone inhibitors ex

A

Somatropin, octreotide

66
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone ex

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone, cosyntropin

67
Q

Glucocorticoids ex

A

Betamethasone, budesonide, cortisone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone, triamcinolone

68
Q

Misc hormones and hormone inhibitors ex

A

Bromocriptine and cabergoline

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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