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Pharmacology HOSA > Otic And Opthamic Preparations > Flashcards

Otic And Opthamic Preparations Flashcards

1
Q

Cerumen

A

Ear wax

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2
Q

Cycloplegia

A

Paralysis for the ciliary muscle, resulting in an inability to focus the eye

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3
Q

Intraocular pressure

A

Pressure within the eye

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4
Q

Miosis

A

Construction of the pupil of the eye

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5
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilation of the pupil

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6
Q

Otitis media

A

Infection of the middle ear, characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear

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7
Q

3 categories of otic preparations

A

Antibiotics, antibiotic/steroid combinations and misc preparations

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8
Q

Misc otic preparations usually include

A

Benzocaine, phenylephrine, hydrocortisone, glycerin, antipyrine, acetic acid, boric acid, benzalkonium, benzethonium, or carbamide peroxide

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9
Q

Otic preparations use

A

Instilled in the external auditory canal and can be used to relive pain, treat infection and inflammation, aid in the removal of cerumen,

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10
Q

When the patient has an inner ear infection, what is recommended

A

Systemic antibiotic therapy

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11
Q

Otic preparations side effects

A

Local ear irritation, itching and burning. Prolonged use of antibiotics can cause superinfection

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12
Q

Otic preparations precautions

A

Pregnancy and lactation,

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13
Q

Drugs to remove cerumen contraindications

A

If there is ear drainage, discharge, pain, or irritation, if the eardrum is perforated, or after ear surgery,

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14
Q

Ofloxacin pregnancy cat

A

C, should only be administered if benefit justifies risk to fetus

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15
Q

Otic preparations infants considerations

A

Look for signs of pulling, grabbing or tugging at an infants ears as a sign of ear pain

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16
Q

Pediatric administration of otic preparations

A

If younger than 3, pull ear down and back

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17
Q

Otic preparations administration

A

Pull ear up and back, and and hold container in hand for a few mins to warm it up. Stay lying down with ear up for 5 mins

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18
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increase in IOP, causing progressive atrophy of the optic nerve with deterioration of vision

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19
Q

Open angle glaucoma vs angle closure glaucoma

A

Open angle is when the angle where aqueous humor drains is normal, but doesn’t function properly, and angle closure glaucoma, the iris is bent at an angle and limits the flow of aqueous humor into the eye

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20
Q

Brimonidine MOA

A

Alpha 2 adrenergic, and

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21
Q

Brimonidine use

A

Lower IOP with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, it reduces the production of aqueous humor and increases the outflow of it

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22
Q

Sympathomimetic ophthalmic preparations MOA

A

Increase the outflow of aqueous humor in the eye, lowering IOP

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23
Q

Apraclonidine use

A

Control or prevent postoperative elevations in IOP

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24
Q

Dapiprazole MOA

A

Blocking the alpha adrenergic receptor in smooth muscle and causes miosis through an effect on the dilator muscle of the iris

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25
Q

Dapiprazole use

A

After opthalmic operations to reverse the diagnostic mydriasis

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26
Q

Beta adrenergic blocking ophthalmic preparations MOA

A

Decrease the rate of production of aqueous humor, lowering IOP

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27
Q

Beta adrenergic blocking drugs ophthalmic preparations use

A

Glaucoma

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28
Q

Miotics MOA

A

Contract the pupil of the eye, resulting in an increase in the space through which aqueous humor flows

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29
Q

Drug of choice for glaucoma

A

Beta adrenergic blocking ophthalmic preparations

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30
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ophthalmic preparations MOA

A

Decrease aqueous humor secretion

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31
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ophthalmic preparations use

A

Elevated IOP as seen in open angle glaucoma

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32
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ophthalmic preparations administration

A

Systemically, except for dorzolamide and brinzolamide

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33
Q

Prostaglandin agonists ophthalmic preparations MOA

A

Lower IOP by increasing outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular network

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34
Q

Prostaglandin Agonists use

A

Lower IOP in people with open angle glaucoma who don’t tolerate or respond to other IOP lowering methods

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35
Q

Mast cell stabilizers ophthalmic preparations MOA

A

Inhibit the antigen induced release of inflammatory mediators from human mast cells

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36
Q

Mast cell stabilizers ophthalmic preparations use

A

Prevent itching of the eye caused by allergic conjuntivitis

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37
Q

NSAIDs ophthalmic preparations use

A

Treat postoperative pain and inflammation after cataract surgery, for the relief of the itching of the eyes caused by allergies, and during eye surgery to prevent miosis

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38
Q

Corticosteroids ophthalmic preparations use

A

Inflammatory convictions such as, allergic conjunctivitis, keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, and inflammation of the iris, and can be used after injury to the cornea or after corneal transplantation to prevent rejection

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39
Q

Antibiotics ophthalmic preparations use

A

Treatment of eye infections

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40
Q

Sulfonamides ophthalmic preparations use

A

Conjunctivitis, corneal ulcer, and other superficial infections of the eye

41
Q

Silver proteinate use

A

Treatment of eye infections

42
Q

Silver nitrate use

A

Prevent gonorrheal ophthalmic neonatorum

43
Q

Silver nitrate in newborns considerations

A

Has been replaced by ophthalmic tetracycline and erythromycin

44
Q

Antiviral drugs ophthalmic preparations use

A

Herpes simplex infections of the eye, in immunocompromised patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis and for the prevention of CMV retinitis in patients undergoing transplants

45
Q

Natamycin ophthalmic preparations use

A

Antifungal activity against a variety of yeast and other fungi

46
Q

Mydriatics MOA

A

Constrict superficial blood vessels of the sclera and decrease the formation of aqueous humor

47
Q

Mydriatics use

A

Before eye surgery in the treatment of glaucoma, relief of minor eye irritation, and to dilate the pupil for eye examinations

48
Q

Cycloplegic mydriatics MOA

A

Cause mydriasis and cycloplegia

49
Q

Cycloplegic mydriatics use

A

Treatment of inflammatory conditions of the iris and uveal tract of the eye and for eye examinations

50
Q

Artificial tear solutions MOA

A

Lubricate the eyes.

51
Q

Artificial tear solutions use

A

Dry eyes and eye irritation caused by inadequate tear production

52
Q

Ophthalmic preparations side effects

A

Are rare, but can cause blurry vision, local irritation and burning, reactions usually resolve within a few mins

53
Q

Glaucoma Drugs side effects

A

Usual,y mild, and include local burning and stinging, headache, blurry vision, tearing, foreign body sensation, ocular allergic reactions, and ocular itching. And systemic fatigue, drowsiness, palpitations and nausea

54
Q

Corticosteroids ophthalmic preparations side effects

A

Elevated IOP with optic nerve damage, loss of visual acuity, cataract formation, delayed wound healing, secondary ocular infection, exacerbation of corneal infection, dry eyes, ptosis, blurred vision, discharge, ocular pain, foreign body sensations, and pruritus

55
Q

Antibiotic and sulfonamide ophthalmic preparations side effects

A

Well tolerated, and include transient irritation, burning, itching, stinging, inflammation, and blurred vision. With prolonged or repeated use, a superinfection can occur

56
Q

Antiviral ophthalmic preparations side effects

A

Local irritation, pain, pruritus, inflammation, edema of the eyes or eyelids, foreign body sensation, and corneal clouding

57
Q

Antifungal ophthalmic preparations side effects

A

Rare, but local irrtiucan occur

58
Q

Artificial tear solutions side effects

A

Rare, but redness or irritation can occur

59
Q

Adrenergic based ophthalmic preparations Drugs contraindications

A

MAOIs

60
Q

Epinephrine ophthalmic preparations contraindications

A

Patients with narrow angle glaucoma, patients with a narrow angle but no glaucoma, and aphakia

61
Q

Epinephrine ophthalmic preparations precautions

A

Soft contact lenses,

62
Q

Drugs to treat glaucoma precautions

A

Pregnancy and lactation, cardiovascular disease, depression, cerebral of coronary insufficiency, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, or raynaud phenomenon

63
Q

Epinephrine pregnancy cat

A

B

64
Q

Apraclonidine pregnancy cat

A

C

65
Q

Brimodine interactions

A

CNS depressants can have additive effect,

66
Q

Brimonidine precautions

A

Antihyeortendive Drugs, and cardiac glycosides because a synergistic effect can occur

67
Q

Adrenergic blocking ophthalmic preparations contraindications

A

Bronchial asthma, obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus bradycardia, heart block, HF, or carcinogenic shock, where pupil constrictions aren’t desirable (iris inflammation) and for IOP in open angle glaucoma

68
Q

Beta adrenergic blocking drugs ophthalmic preparations precautions

A

Pregnancy (cat C), lactation, cardiovascular disease, diabetes (may mask signs of hypoglycemia), and may mask signs of hyperthyroidism,

69
Q

Beta adrenergic blocking drugs ophthalmic preparations interactions

A

Additive effects with oral beta adrenergic blocking drugs, and additive hypotensive effect with phenothiazines

70
Q

Timolol interactions

A

Calcium antagonists can cause hypotension, left ventricular failure, and condition disturbances in the heart

71
Q

Mío tic drugs contraindications

A

Conditions where construction is undesirable (iritis, uveitis, acute inflammatory disease of the anterior chamber)

72
Q

Miotics precautions

A

Corneal abrasion, pregnancy (cat C), lactation, cardiac failure, bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer, hyperthyroidism, GI spasm, UTI, Parkinson’s, renal or hepatic impairment, and recent MI or hypotension or hypertension and angle closure glaucoma

73
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors ophthalmic preparations precautions

A

Myasthenia gravis, before and after surgery, chronic angle closure glaucoma, those with anatomically narrower angles,

74
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors ophthalmic preparations interactions

A

Systemic anti cholinesterase drugs can have additive effect, and those working with carbamate-organophosphate insecticides or pesticides are at risk for systemic effects

75
Q

Ophthalmic mast cell stabilizers precautions

A

People with contact lenses,

76
Q

Ophthalmic NSAIDs precautions

A

Bleeding tendencies, when used topically, there is less risk of interactions

77
Q

Corticosteroids ophthalmic preparations precautions

A

Sulfite sensitivity , infectious conditions of the eye, prolonged use can cause elevated IOP and optic nerve damage

78
Q

Antibiotics ophthalmic preparations precautions

A

Sulfite sensitivity, pregnancy (cat B or C), and lactation

79
Q

Antibiotics ophthalmic preparations contraindications

A

Epithelial herpes simplex keratitis, varicella, mycobacterial infection of the eye, and fungal eye diseases

80
Q

Corticosteroids and antibiotic combinations (solutions) otic preparations

A

Hydrocortisone and neomycin, hydrocortisone and polymyxin

81
Q

Corticosteroids and antibiotic combinations (suspensions) otic preparations

A

Hydrocortisone and neomycin and polymyxin, hydrocortisone and neomycin, hydrocortisone and ciprofloxacin

82
Q

Otic antibiotic ex

A

Ofloxacin

83
Q

Alpha 2 adrenergic Agonists ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Brimonidine

84
Q

Ophthalmic sympathomimetic ex

A

Apraclonidine, dipivefrin, epinephrine

85
Q

Alpha adrenergic blocking drugs ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Dapiprazole

86
Q

Beta adrenergic blocking drugs ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Betaxolol, carteolol, levonetaxolol, Levobunolol, metipranolol, timolol,

87
Q

Miotics ex

A

Carbachol, pilocarpine, echothiphate iodide

88
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Brinzolamide, dorzolamide

89
Q

Prostaglandin Agonists ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost

90
Q

Mast cell stabilizers ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Necocromil, pemirolast

91
Q

NSAIDS ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Bromfenac, diclofenac, flurbiprofen, ketorolac, nepafenac

92
Q

Corticosteroids ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Dexamethasone, difluoprednate, fluoromethalone, loteprednol, prednisolone

93
Q

Antibiotics ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Azithromycin, bacitracin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gatifloxacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, polymyxin, tobramycin, sulfacetamide, sulfisoxaxole

94
Q

Silver compound ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Silver nitrate

95
Q

Antiviral ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Ganciclovir, idoxuridine, trifluridine, vidarabine,

96
Q

Antifungal ophthalmic preparations ex

A

Natamycin

97
Q

Mydriatics ex

A

Oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, tetrahydrozoline,

98
Q

Cycloplegic/mydriatics ex

A

Atropine, homatropine hydrobromide

99
Q

Ocular lubricants ex

A

Benzalkonium chloride

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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