Male And Female Hormones Flashcards
Anabolism
Tissue building process
Androgens
Male hormones, responsible for sexual maturity and characteristics
Catabolism
Tissue depletion process
Estrogen
Female hormones, responsible for sexual maturity and characteristics
Gynecomastia
Male breast enlargement
Progesterone
Female hormone produced by the corpus luteum that works in the uterus along with estrogen to prepare the uterus for possible conception
Testosterone
Primary male sex hormone, acts to stimulate development of the make reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics
Virilization
Acquisition of male sexual characteristics by a woman
Treating gender dysphoria
Counseling, surgical procedures, growth hormones, antihormone drugs, hormone replacement
Anabolic steroids MOA
promote anabolism and reverse catabolism, have a minimal effect in the accessory sex organs and secondary sex characteristics
Androgen therapy use
May be given as replacement therapy for testosterone deficiency, hypogonadism (failure of the testes to develop), delayed puberty, development of testosterone deficiency after puberty, postmenopausal metastatic breast carcinoma, and premenopausal hormone dependent metastatic breast carcinoma,
Transdermal testosterone system use
Replacement therapy when endogenous testosterone is deficient
Anabolic steroids use
Management of anemia of renal insufficiency, control of metastatic breast cancer in women, promotion of weight gain in those with weight loss after surgery, trauma, or infections
Androgens side effects in men
Gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, inhibition of testicular function, impotence, enlargement of the penis, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, headache, anxiety, male pattern baldness, acne and depression, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and phosphate retention
Androgens side effects in women preparing for breast carcinoma side effects
Amenorrhea, menstrual irregularities, virilization (facial hair, deeper voice, and enlargement of clitoris), male pattern baldness, acne
Anabolic steroids side effects
Virilization in women, acmes in both sexes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, testicular atrophy, jaundice, anorexia, muscle cramps, blood filled cysts of the liver and spleen, malignant and benign liver tumors, increased risk of atherosclerosis
Anabolic steroids Sid effects in healthy people
Severe mental changes, uncontrolled rage, severe depression, suicidal tendencies, malignant and benign liver tumors, aggression, increased risk of atherosclerosis, inability to concentrate, and personality changes
Male hormones contraindications
Liver disorders, serious cardiac disease, men with prostrate gland disorders (prostate carcinoma and prostrate enlargement), pregnancy (cat X), and lactation
Anabolic steroids contraindications
Enhancing physical appearance or athletic performance,
Anabolic steroids precautions
Older men because if increased risk of prostate enlargement and prostate cancer
Male hormones interactions
Increased antidiuretic effect anticoagulants, imipramine and androgen increase risk for paranoid behavior, sulfonylureas and anabolic steroids increase risk for hypoglycemia
Androgens diabetes considerations
Blood glucose levels should be measured frequently because blood glucose tolerance may be altered
Male hormones elderly considerations
Elderly with cardiac problems or kidney disease are at increased risk for sodium and water retention with androgens and anabolic steroids
Estrogens MOA
Important in the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and the primary and secondary sex characteristics, fluid retention, protein anabolism, thinning of the cervicales mucus, inhibition or facilitation of ovulation,
Progestins MOA
Necessary for the development of placenta and inhibit the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which prevents the maturation of the ovarian follicle and ovulation
Estrogens use
In combination with progesterones as a contraceptive, or in postmenopausal women as estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) or in combination with progesterone as hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Progestins use
Treatment of amenorrhea, endometriosis, and functional uterine bleeding, and as oral contraceptives
4 types of estrogen and progestin combination contraceptives
Monophasic, biphasic, triphasic, and quad-phasic
Estrogens side effects
Headache, migraine, dizziness, depression, dermatitis, pruritus, chloasma, melasma, vomiting, bloating, abdominal cramps, breakthrough bleeding, withdrawal bleeding, spotting, change in menstrual flow, dysmenorrhea, PMS, amenorrhea, vaginal candidiasis, cervicales erosion, vaginitis, pain at injection site, sterile abscesses, steepening of corneal curvature, intolerance to contact lenses, edema, rhinitis, changes in libido, breast pain, enlargement and tenderness, reduced card tolerance, weight gain or loss, generalized and skeletal pain, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism
Warnings associated with the administration of estrogen
Increased risk of endometrial cancer, gallbladder disease, hypertension, hepatic adenoma, cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic disease, hypercalcemia in people with breast cancer and bone metastases
Progestins side effects
Breakthrough bleeding, spotting, changes in menstruales flow, amenorrhea, breast tenderness, edema, weight gain or loss, acne, chloasma, melasma, insomnia, mental depression
Contraceptive hormones side effects
Vary depending on estrogen and progestin content
Estrogen contraindications
Breast cancer(except metastatic disease), estrogen dependent neoplasms, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding, thromboembolic disorders, pregnancy (cat X)
Progestin contraindications
Breast cancer (except for metastatic disease), estrogen dependent neoplasms, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding, thromboembolic disorders, pregnancy (cat X), cerebral hemorrhage, impaired liver function
Estrogen precautions
Gallbladder disease, hypercalcemia, cardiovascular disease, liver impairment. Cardiovascular complications are more likely in women who smoke and use estrogen
Progestin precautions
History of migraines, epilepsy, asthma, and cardiac or renal impairment
Estrogen excess signs
Nausea, bloating, cervical mucus increase, numerous polyps, hypertension, migraines, breast fullness or tenderness, edema
Progestin excess signs
Increased appetite, weight gain, tiredness, hypomenorrhea, acne, oily scalp, hair loss, hirsutism, depression, monilial vaginitis, breast regression
Estrogen deficiency signs
Early or midchle breakthrough bleeding, spotting, hypomenorrhea, melasma
Progestin deficiency signs
Late breakthrough bleeding, amenorrhea, hypermenorrhea
Oral contraceptives warnings
Cigarette smoking increases risk of cardiovascular side effects, hepatic adenomas, tumors, visual disturbances, gallbladder disease, hypertension, and fetal abnormalities
Estrogens interactions
Decreased anticoagulant effect (oral), increased TCA effects, rifampin increases risk of breakthrough bleeding, hydantoins increase risk of breakthrough bleeding and pregnancy
Progestins interactions
Anticonvulsants and rifampin decrease progestin effectiveness, and penicillins and tetracyclines decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives containing progestin
Oral contraceptives considerations
Increased risk of postoperative thromboembolic complications, if possible, discontinue 4 weeks before surgery
Androgens ex
Fluoxymesterone, methyltestosterone, testosterone,
Anabolic steroids ex
Nandrolone, oxymetholone, oxandrolone
Estrogens ex
Estradiol cypionate, transdermal estradiol, estropipate
Progestins ex
Progesterone, medroxyprogesterone, norethindrone
