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Pharmacology HOSA > Antifungals And Antiparasitics > Flashcards

Antifungals And Antiparasitics Flashcards

1
Q

Candidiasis

A

Infection if the skin or mucous membrane with the yeast Candida albicans

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2
Q

Cinchonism

A

Qunidine toxicity or poisoning

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3
Q

Fungicidal

A

Deadly to fungi

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4
Q

Fungistatic

A

Pertaining to agents that retard growth of fungi

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5
Q

Fungus

A

Single cell, colorless plant that lacks chlorophyll, such as yeast or mold

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6
Q

Helminthiasis

A

Invasion by helminth s (worms)

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7
Q

Mycotic infections

A

Infections caused by fungi

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8
Q

Parasite

A

Organism living in or on another organism (host) without contributing to the survival or well being of host

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9
Q

Thrush

A

Candidiasis of the mouth

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10
Q

Systemic fungal infections

A

Serious infections that occur when the fungi gain entrance into the interior of the body, can grow in lungs, Braun or GI tract

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11
Q

Where dies candidiasis affect patients

A

Mouth (thrush), affects women in vulvovaginal area, immunocompromised patients with chronic conditions in the perenium, oral cavity, or systemically

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12
Q

Who is at the highest risk for Candidal infections

A

Diabetes, pregnant, oral contraceptives, antibiotics, or corticosteroids

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13
Q

Antifungal actions

A

Fungicidal or fungistatic. Amphotericin B, isavuconazonium, miconazole, nystatin, voriconazole, micafungin, and ketoconazole have an effect on the cell membrane of the fungus

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14
Q

Topical antifungals

A

Butenafine, ciclopirox, clotrimazole, econazole, efinaconazole, miconazole, naftifine, oxiconazole, sulconazole, tavaborole

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15
Q

Antifungal uses

A

Superficial and deep fungal infections, systemic infections such as aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcal menengitis, superficial infections of nail beds, and oral, anal, and vaginal areas

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16
Q

Miconazole

A

Treats vulvovaginal yeast infections

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17
Q

Vaginal antifungal Drugs

A

Clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin, terconazole, tioconazole

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18
Q

Amphotericin B interactions

A

Corticosteroids increase risk for severe hypokalemia, digoxin increases risk of digitalis toxicity, aminoglycosides increase risk of nephrotoxicity, cyclosporine increases risk of nephrotoxicity, flucytosine causes drug toxicity, and miconazole decreases effectiveness of amphotericin B

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19
Q

Fluconazole interactions

A

Oral hypoglycemics increase their own effect, phenytoin decreases its own effectiveness

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20
Q

Griseofulvin interactions

A

Barbiturates decreases their own effect, oral contraceptives decrease their own effectiveness salicylates decrease their own serum level

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21
Q

Itraconazole interactions

A

Digoxin and cyclosporine elevate blood levels of itraconazole, phenytoin and histamine antagonists decrease blood levels of itraconazole, isoniazid and rifampin decrease blood levels of itraconazole

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22
Q

Ketoconazole interactions

A

Histamine antagonist and antacids decreases absorption of ketoconazole, rifampin or isoniazid decrease blood levels of ketoconazole

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23
Q

Posaconazole interactions

A

Cimetidine decreases posaconazole blood levels, phenytoin increases its own effectiveness, rifabutin decrease blood levels of posaconazole, stations increase their own effectiveness

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24
Q

Voriconazole interactions

A

Methadone, tacrolimusm ,the statins, benzodiazepines, CCB’s increase effectiveness of voriconazole, sulfonylureas cause hypoglycemia, vinca alkaloids increase risk of neurotoxicity

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25
Q

Micafungin interactions

A

Sirolimus increases risk of immunosuppression, nifedipine increases risk of its own toxicity

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26
Q

Terbinafine interactions

A

Beta blockers and antidepressants increase their own effectiveness

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27
Q

Fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and griseofulvin common interaction

A

Warfarin increases risk of bleeding

28
Q

Antifungals adverse reactions

A

Headache, rash, anorexia, malaise, abdominal, joint, or muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

29
Q

Antifungals contraindications

A

Pregnancy and lactation, but only used in life threatening situations when risk to fetus is outweighed

30
Q

Griseofulvin contraindications

A

Sever liver disease

31
Q

Voriconazole contraindications

A

When taking terfenadine, astemizole, sirolimus, rifampin, rifabutin, carbamazepine, ritonavir, ergot alkaloids, or long acting barbiturates, cisapride, pimozide, or quinidine

32
Q

Itraconazole contraindications

A

Cisapride, pimozide, quinidine, shouldn’t be used to treat fungal nail infections in patients with a history of heart failure

33
Q

Antifungals precautions

A

Renal dysfunction or hepatic impairment

34
Q

Amphotericin B precautions

A

Caution with electrolyte imbalances or antineoplastic Drugs, given only under close supervision, can cause impaired comfort, IV solution is light sensitive

35
Q

Griseofulvin precautions

A

Penicillin

36
Q

Itraconazole precautions

A

HIV, or hypochlorhydria

37
Q

Antihelmintic drugs action

A

Kill parasites

38
Q

Albendazole MOA

A

Interfere with the synthesis is the parasites microtubukes

39
Q

Albendazole use

A

Larval forms of pork tapeworm, liver, lung, and peritoneum disease caused by dog tapeworm

40
Q

Mebendazole MOA

A

Blocks uptake of glucose by worm

41
Q

Mebendazole use

A

Whip worm, pinworm, roundworm, American hookworm, and the common hookworm

42
Q

Pyrantel MOA

A

Paralyze helminth

43
Q

Pyrantel use

A

Roundworm and pinworm

44
Q

Anthelmintic adverse reactions

A

Drowsy, dizzy, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramps

45
Q

Pyrantel side effects

46
Q

Anthelmintic contraindications and precautions

A

Caution in pregnancy (cat C), and lactating, patients with hepatic or renal impairment, and patients with malnutrition or anemia

47
Q

Anthelmintic interactions albendazole

A

Dexamethasone and cimetidine increase effectiveness of albendazole

48
Q

Mebendazole interactions

A

Hydantoins and carbamazepine lower levels of mebendazole

49
Q

Antiprotozoal drugs actions

A

Interfere with life cycle of the protozoan

50
Q

Antiprotozoal Drugs uses

A

Malaria,giardiasis, toxoplasmosis, intestinal amebiasis, STI’s (trichomoniasis), pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), preventing malaria

51
Q

Antiprotozoal adverse reactions

A

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, headache, dizzy, visual disturbance, tinnitus, hypotension, changes detected on ECG, cinchonism (symptoms: tinnitus, headache, GI disturbance, and visual disturbance)

52
Q

Metronidazole side effects

A

Peripheral neuropathy

53
Q

Paromycin side effects

A

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

54
Q

Most antiprotozoals are pregnancy cat

55
Q

Metronidazole is pregnancy cat

56
Q

Nitazoxanide pregnancy cat

57
Q

Doxycycline pregnancy cat

58
Q

Quinine pregnancy cat

59
Q

Quinine contraindications

A

Myasthenia gravis

60
Q

Antiprotozoal precautions

A

Children, lactation, people with renal or hepatic impairment, or bone marrow depression

61
Q

Metronidazole precautions

A

seizure disorders, severe hepatic impairment, Blood dyscrasias, bowel disease, history of alcohol dependency

62
Q

Nitazoxanide precautions

A

Blood dyscrasisa, seizure disorders, bowel disease, history of alcohol dependency

63
Q

Antimalarial interactions

A

Antacids and iron decrease absorption if the antimalarial

64
Q

Antiprotozoal interactkons

A

Increased risk of digoxin toxicity

65
Q

Metronidazole interactions

A

Cimetidine decreases metabolism of metronidazole, and phenobarbital increases metabolism of metronidazole,

66
Q

Quinine interactions

A

Warfarin has an increased risk of bleeding

67
Q

Parasitic invasion of body can cause

A

Diarrhea and risk for deficient fluid volume

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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