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Pharmacology HOSA > Immunologic Agents > Flashcards

Immunologic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Active immunity

A

Type of immunity that occurs when the person is exposed to a disease and develops that disease, and the body makes antibodies to provide further protection against the disease

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2
Q

Antibody

A

Molecule with the ability to bind to a specific antigen

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3
Q

Antigen

A

Substance that is capable of inducing a specific immune response

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4
Q

Antigen-antibody response

A

Antibodies formed in response to exposure to a specific antigen

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5
Q

Attenuate

A

To weaken

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6
Q

Booster

A

Immunogenicity injected after a specific interval, often after the primary immunization to stimulate and sustain the immune response

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7
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

Immune reaction caused by white blood cells

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8
Q

Globulins

A

Plasma proteins that are insoluble in water

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9
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Antibody mediated immune response of the body

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10
Q

Immune globulins

A

Solution obtained form human or animal blood containing antibodies that have been formed by the body to specific antigens, administered to provide passive immunity to one or more infectious diseases

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11
Q

Immunity

A

Resistance to infection

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12
Q

Immunizations

A

The process in which s person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease

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13
Q

Passive immunity

A

Type of immunity occurring from the administration of ready made antibodies form another individual or animal

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14
Q

Toxin

A

Poisonous substance

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15
Q

Toxoid

A

Attenuated toxin that is capable of stimulating the formation of antitoxins

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16
Q

Vaccine

A

Substance containing either weakened or killed antigens, developed for the purpose of creating resistance to disease

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17
Q

2 mechanisms of the immune system

A

Cell mediated defenses, and antibody mediated defenses

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18
Q

Cell mediated immunity depends on

A

Actions of t lymphocytes

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19
Q

How do t lymphocytes defend against viral, fungal and some bacterial infections

A

Becomes sensitized bi ‘‘tis first contact with a specific antigen, 2nd exposure to an antigen stimulates multiple reactions acmes at destroying or inactivating antigen, T lymphocytes work with macrophages to destroy antigen, and t lymphocytes attack antigens directly, rather than produce antibodies

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20
Q

What is humoral immunity based on

A

Antigen-antibody response

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21
Q

What do b lymphocytes produce

A

Circulating antibodies as a defense against an antigen

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22
Q

Artificially acquired active immunity

A

Killed or attenuated viruses act as antigens

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23
Q

Naturally acquired active immunity

A

Invading viruses and bacteria act as antigen

24
Q

Diseases preventable by vaccine

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, HPV, influenza, mumps, measles, pertussis, pneumococcal disease, poliomyelitis, rubella, tetanus, varicella

25
Q

Diseases or preventable by vaccine before travel to an endemic area

A

Cholera, diphtheria, Japanese encephalitis, Lyme disease, smallpox, typhoid, yellow fever

26
Q

Vaccines and toxoids use

A

Routine immunization of infants and children, immunization of adults against tetanus, immunization of adults at high risk for certain diseases, immunization of children and adults at risk for exposure to a particular disease, immunization of prepubertal girls or non pregnant women of childbearing age against rubella

27
Q

Elderly immunization consideration

A

Fewer antibodies are produced in elderly , and greater amount of antigen is needed in vaccines

28
Q

Immune globulins

A

Solutions obtained from human or animal blood containing antibodies that have been formed by the body to specific antigens (passive immunity)

29
Q

Immune globulins use

A

Provide passive immunization to one or more infectious diseases

30
Q

Antivenins use

A

Passive and transient protection from the toxic effects of bites by spiders and snakes

31
Q

Vaccines and toxoids side effects

A

Chills, fever, muscular aches, rash, lethargy, pain and tenderness at injection site,

32
Q

Immune globulins side effects nature

A

Rare , last for several hours

33
Q

Vaccines and toxoids side effects nature

A

Mild

34
Q

Immune globulins side effects

A

Local tenderness and pain at injection sire, urticaria, angioedema, erythema, malaise, diarrhea, headache, chills, and fever

35
Q

Immune globulins with equine and rabbit serum side effect

A

Can produce Ana anaphylactic reactions

36
Q

Antivenins side effects

A

Hypersensitivity p, apprehension, flushing, itching, urticaria, edema of the face, tongue and throat, cough, dyspnea, vomiting, cyanosis, and collapse

37
Q

Antivenins side effects nature

A

Occur within 30 mins after administration

38
Q

Measles’s, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccines contraindications

A

Allergy to gelatin, neomycin, pregnancy (esp in 1st trimester), avoid pregnancy at least 3 months after getting vaccines

39
Q

Vaccines and toxoids contraindications

A

Acute febrile illnesses, leukemia, lymphoma, immunosuppressive illness or therapy and non localized cancer

40
Q

Immunization contraindications

A

Moderate or severe illness, anaphylactoid reactions, known allergy, esp gelatin, eggs,and neomycin, immunologic deficiency, administration of steroids, radiation therapy, and antineoplastic therapy,

41
Q

Immune globulins and antivenins precautions

A

Pregnancy (cat C) and lactation , children

42
Q

Immune globulins contraindications

A

Isolated immunoglobulin A deficiency

43
Q

Antivenins contraindications

A

Allergy to equine serum

44
Q

Vaccines and toxoids interactions

A

Not administered within 3 months of immune globulin administration, corticosteroids, antineoplastics and radiation therapy depress the immune system to such a degree that insufficient numbers of antibodies are produced to prevent the disease

45
Q

Varicella vaccination interactions

A

When salicylates are given with this, increased risk of reye syndrome developing

46
Q

Immune globulin interactions

A

Interfere with the immune response to live virus vaccines (esp measles, mumps and rubella), live virus vaccines should be administered 14 to 30 days before or 6 to 12 weeks after administration of immune globulins

47
Q

Vaccine preparations should be

A

Refrigerated

48
Q

Routine bacterial vaccines ex

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate, meningococcal, pneumococcal,

49
Q

Bacterial vaccines for special populations ex

A

BCG, pneumococcal, typhoid

50
Q

Viral routine vaccines ex

A

Measles, mumps, rubella and varicella, hepatitis A (inactivated), hepatitis B (recombinant), poliovirus (inactivated), varicella

51
Q

Viral vaccines for special populations ex

A

HPV, meassles(live, attenuated), mumps (live), rubella (live), influenza A and B, avian influenza, rotavirus, rabies vaccine, zoster (live)

52
Q

Routine toxoids ex

A

Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DtaP)

53
Q

Toxoids for special populations ex

A

Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, combined (DTTd)

54
Q

Immune globulins ex

A

Botulism, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B, lymphocyte, antithymocyte, rabies, Rh, respiratory syncytial virus, tetanus, varicella zoster

55
Q

Antivenins ex

A

Crotalidae polyvalent, micrurus fulvius

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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