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Pharmacology HOSA > Antiparkinson Drugs > Flashcards

Antiparkinson Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Achalasia

A

Failure to relax, usually referring to the smooth muscle fibers of the GI tract, especially failure of the lower esophagus to relax, causing difficulty swallowing and a feeling of fullness in the sternal region

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2
Q

Akathisia

A

Extreme restlessness and increased motor activity

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3
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

Ability of the nervous system to prohibit large and potentially harmful molecules from crossing the blood to the brain

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4
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slow movement

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5
Q

Choreiform movements

A

Involuntary muscular twitching of the limbs or facial muscles

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6
Q

Dystonic

A

Muscular spasm most often affecting the tongue, jaw, eyes, and neck

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7
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

A

Group of adverse reaction involving the extrapyramidal portion of the nervous system causing abnormal muscle movements, especially akathisia and dystonia

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8
Q

On-off phenomenon

A

Fluctuation in levodopa therapy where inconsistent absorption causes alternating improved status and loss of therapeutic effect

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9
Q

Parkinsonism

A

Referring to a cluster of symptoms associated with Parkinson disease (fine tremors, slowing of voluntary movements, muscular weakness)

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10
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Degenerative disorder caused by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine in the CNS

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11
Q

Restless leg syndrome

A

Disorder with an irresistible urge to move legs, urge lessens with movement but worsens with rest

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12
Q

Cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease

A

Trembling, rigidity, difficulty walking, problems with balance, and bradykinesia

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13
Q

Dopaminergic drugs ex

A

Levodopa, carbidopa, amantadine, bromocriptine, or MAOIs (selegiline, rasagiline)

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14
Q

Dopaminergic Drugs MOA

A

Stimulate dopamine receptors or increase availability of dopamine

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15
Q

Dopaminergic Drugs uses

A

Parkinson disease, Parkinson like symptoms, restless leg syndrome, viral infections

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16
Q

Dopaminergic Drugs side effects

A

Dry mouth, diffupiculty swallowing, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, increased had tremor, headache, dizziness

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17
Q

Levodopa side effects

A

Choreiform movements and dystonic movements, dementia, depression, psychotic episodes, paranoia, and suicidal tendencies

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18
Q

Levodopa contraindications

A

Narrow angle glaucoma, and MAOIs

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19
Q

Patients taking levodopa should be screened for

A

Unusual skin lesion

20
Q

Levodopa precautions

A

Cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, peptic ulcer disease, renal or hepatic disease, and psychosis, pregnancy (cat C), and lactation

21
Q

Dopaminergic Drugs interactions

A

TCAs increase risk of hypertension and dyskinesia

22
Q

Levodopa interactions

A

Antacids increase levodopa effect, and anti-epileptics and and foods high in vitamin B6 decrease levodopa’s effect

23
Q

Dopamine receptor Agonists MOA

A

Act directly on postsynaptic dopamine receptor of nerve cells in the brain, mimicking effects of dopamine

24
Q

Dopamine receptor Agonists use

A

Treatment of the signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, and RLS

25
Q

Dopamine receptor Agonists ex

A

Gabapentin encarbil, and apomorphine, ropinirole, pramipexole

26
Q

Dopamine receptor Agonists side effects

A

Nause, vomiting, dizzy, somnolence, hallucinations, confusion, visual disturbance, postural hypotension, abnormal involuntary movements, headache

27
Q

Dopamine receptor Agonists precautions

A

Dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, hepatic or renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, and a history of hallucinations or psychosis

28
Q

Ropinirole pregnancy cat

A

C

29
Q

Pramipexole pregnancy cat

A

C

30
Q

Dopamine receptor Agonists interactions

A

Increased risk of CNS depression, increased effects of levodopa and hallucinations, and ciprofloxacin, cimetidine, ranitidine, verapmil, and quinidine and estrogen increase dopamine agonist effectiveness, and phenothiazines decrease dopamine agonist effectiveness

31
Q

COMT inhibitors ex

A

Entacapone, tolcapone

32
Q

COMT inhibitors MOA

A

Prolong effect of dopamine by blocking COMT enzyme, which eliminates dopamine

33
Q

COMT inhibitors uses

A

Used as adjuncts to levodopa/carbidopa

34
Q

Entacapone use

A

Help manage fluctuations in response to levodopa, mild COMT inhibitor

35
Q

Tolcapone side effects

A

Liver damage and liver failure, potent COMT inhibitor

36
Q

COMT inhibitors side effects

A

Dizziness, dyskinesia, hyperkinesias, akathisia, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, orthostatic hypotension, sleep disorders, excessive dreaming, somnolence, muscle cramps

37
Q

COMT inhibitors contraindications

A

Pregnancy (cat C) lactation

38
Q

Tolcapone contraindications

A

Liver dysfunction

39
Q

COMT inhibitors precautions

A

Hypertension, hypotension, decreased hepatic or renal function

40
Q

COMT inhibitor interactions

A

MAOI increases toxicity risk of both drugs, adrenergic drugs increase risk of cardiac symptoms

41
Q

What should be used in older patients to treat Parkinson’s

A

Antihistamines to produce fewer adverse reactions

42
Q

Cholinergic blockers for Parkinson’s side effects

A

Dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness, Mild nausea, nervousness

43
Q

Cholinergic blocking drugs used for Parkinson’s contraindications

A

Angle closure glaucoma, pyloric or duodenal obstruction, peptic ulcers, prostatic hypertrophy, achalasia, myasthenia gravis and megacolon

44
Q

Cholinergic blocking drugs for Parkinson’s precautions

A

Tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, hypotension, tendency towards urinary retention, decreased liver or kidney function, obstructive disease of urinary system or GI tract, or elderly

45
Q

Cholinergic blocking drugs for Parkinson’s interactions

A

Amantadine increases anticholinergic effects, increased digoxin serum levels, haloperidol increases psychotic behavior, phenothiazines increase anticholinergic effects

46
Q

Cholinergic blocking drugs used for Parkinson’s ex

A

Benztropine, diphenhydramine, trihexyphenldyl

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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