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Pharmacology HOSA > Antiviral Drugs > Flashcards

Antiviral Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Circumoral

A

Circling or surrounding the mouth

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2
Q

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

A

Multiple drugs used together for treatment of HIV infection

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3
Q

Host cell

A

A live cell (either plant or animal) where a virus embeds itself to reproduce

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4
Q

Retinitis

A

Inflammation of retina of eyeball

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5
Q

Retrovirus

A

Virus that uses RNA as its primary component instead of DNA

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6
Q

Unlabeled use

A

Use of a drug to treat a condition that isn’t officially approved by the FDA

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7
Q

Antivirals MOA

A

Attempt to disable to protein part of the virus, and attempts to prevent the virus form removing the protein capsule, keeping the genetic material from spilling out into the host cell

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8
Q

Antiviral uses

A

Cytomegalovirus (ex: retinitis), CMV prevention in transplant recipients, hepatitis B and C, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 and herpes zoster, HIV, influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus

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9
Q

Antivirals adverse reactions

A

Nausea, and vomiting, diarrhea, headache, rash, fever, insomnia

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10
Q

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A

Few symptoms in healthy individuals, symptoms in people with HIV or cancer include malaise, pneumonia, fever and superinfection. CMV can infect eyes

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11
Q

HPV

A

STI, symptoms minor (many don’t know they are infected), can cause warts, cervical cancer and rare form of throat warts or cancers

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12
Q

Hepatitis B and C

A

Inflammation of liver, symptoms include fever and joint pains, most people show no signs until disease becomes chronic

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13
Q

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

A

HSV-1: oral, ocular, or facial infections (painful vesicular lesions
HSV-2: genital herpes

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14
Q

Herpes zoster virus (HZV)

A

Aka shingles, caused by chickenpox, recovery form childhood chicken pox results in the infection lying dormant and may be reactivated as the immune system weakens

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15
Q

HIV

A

Transmitted though bodily secretions, destroys immune system, symptoms include chills, fever, night sweats, dry productive cough, dyspnea, lethargy, malaise, fatigue, weight loss and diarrhea

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16
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)

A

Highly contagious and affects mainly children, causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia

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17
Q

Cidofovir contraindications

A

renal impairment or be used with nephrotic meds

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18
Q

Rimantadine precautions

A

Caution with low blood cell counts, history of epilepsy

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19
Q

Probenecid interactions

A

Probenecid results in increased serum levels of antivirals,

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20
Q

Types of HAART drugs

A

Protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, entry inhibitors, integrase inhibitors

21
Q

Antiretrovirals uses

A

HBV, HIV, and AIDS

22
Q

Truvada

A

Combination drug for HIV, includes emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil, is the only antiretroviral approved for the prevention of HIV. Used for pre-exposure prophylaxis

23
Q

Antiretroviral adverse reactions

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, altered taste,headache, fever, chills, rash, numbness and tingling in the circumoral area

24
Q

Antiretrovirals contraindications

A

Lactating women, patients using cisapride, pimozide, triazolam, midazolam, or an ergot derivative. Ritonavir is contraindicated with bupropion, zolpidem, and antiarrhythmics

25
Q

Antiretorvirals general precautions

A

Diabetes mellitus, impaired hepatic function, pregnancy (cat B and C), or hemophilia

26
Q

Antiretrovirals precautions indinavir

A

Caution with history of kidney or bladder stones

27
Q

Antiretrovirals precautions didanosine

A

Patients at risk for pancreatitis, especially elderly

28
Q

Precautions antiretorvirals fosamprenavir and amprenavir

A

Caution with sulfonamide allergy

29
Q

Precautions antiretrovirals protease inhibitors

A

Ergot derivative shouldn’t be prescribed, grapefruit juice can increase drug concentration and garlic can reduce it. Both shouldn’t be eaten

30
Q

Antiretroviral interactions

A

Antifungals result in increased serum level in antiretrovirals, clarithromycin results in increased serum levels in both drugs, interleukins result in risk of antiretroviral toxicity, fentanyl results in increased serum levels of fentanyl, oral contraceptives are less effective, sildenafil results in increased adverse reactions of sildenafil,

31
Q

Amantidine

A

Prevention of respiratory tract illness caused by influenza A, similar side effects to cholinergic blocking drugs)

32
Q

Ribavirin

A

Can worsen respiratory status, pregnancy category X, women of childbearing age should make sure to not inhale the drug

33
Q

Protease inhibitors can cause

A

Redistribution of fat to the center of the body

34
Q

Ribavirin contraindications

A

unstable cardiac disease, pregnancy (cat X)

35
Q

Zanamivir contraindication

A

zanamivir shouldn’t be used in patients with COPD,

36
Q

Antivirals pregnancy cat

A

Most are B or C

37
Q

Zanamivir precautions

A

people with renal impairment, and history of respiratory disease

38
Q

Foscarnet precautions

A

electrolyte depletion

39
Q

Adefovfir precautions

A

patients treated for HBV May experience an exacerbation of hepatitis after stopping drug

40
Q

Dipivoxil precautions

A

patients treated for HBV May experience an exacerbation of hepatitis after stopping dipivoxil

41
Q

entecavir precautions

A

patients treated for HBV May experience an exacerbation of hepatitis after stopping entecavir

42
Q

Valacyclovir interactions

A

cimetidine results in increased serum level of valacyclovir,

43
Q

Adefovir interactions

A

ibuprofen results in increased serum levels of adefovir,

44
Q

Ganciclovir interactions

A

imipenem-cilastatin results in increased seizure risk when taken with ganciclovir,

45
Q

Antivirals general interactions

A

anticholinergic agents result in increased adverse reactions of the anticholinergic,

46
Q

Acyclovir interactions

A

and theophylline results in increased serum levels of theophylline when taken with acyclovir

47
Q

Ritonavir interactions

A

opioid analgesics haves risk of toxicity when taken with ritonavir, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, and antiparasitics have decreased effectiveness with ritonavir

48
Q

Efavirenz interactions

A

and rifampin decreases serum levels of antivirals with efavirenz

49
Q

nevirapine interactions

A

and rifampin decreases serum levels of antivirals with nevirapine

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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