Antitubercular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Directly observed therapy (DOT)

A

Drug dose taken in from of the administrator

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2
Q

Extrapulmonary

A

Occurring outside of the lungs in the respiratory system

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3
Q

Gout

A

A metabolic disorder resulting in increased levels of Uris acid and causing severe joint pain

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4
Q

Latent TB

A

Inactive M. tuberculosis bacterium in the body, which is alive, but no infectious and can become active later

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5
Q

Multi drug-resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

A

Bacterium that is resistant to a number of different drugs (can be expensive to treat)

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6
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

Bacterium that causes leprosy (chronic, communicable, disease infrequently seen in the US)

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7
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Bacterium that causes TB

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8
Q

Optic neuritis

A

Inflammation of optic nerve, causing a decrease in visual acuity and changes in color perception

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9
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Numbness and tingling of the extremities

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10
Q

Vertigo

A

Feeling is a spinning or rotational motion, dizziness

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11
Q

Primary drugs

A

Provide foundation for treatment

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12
Q

Secondary drugs

A

Used for MDR-TB (more costly and toxic than primary drugs)

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13
Q

Secondary drugs ex

A

Certain flouroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin, and rifampin and isoniazid

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14
Q

Anti tubercular MOA

A

Both bacteriostatic and bactericidal. Usually inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis to slow multiplication rates

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15
Q

What to give for latent TB therapy

A

Isoniazid

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16
Q

Latent TB signs and symptoms

A

Doesn’t feel sick, PPD skin test or blood test is positive for TB infection, normal chest x-ray and negative sputum test, has TB bacteria, but it is inactive, can’t spread TB bacteria to others, needs treatment to prevent active disease at a later time

17
Q

2 parts of standard treatment protocol for TB

A

Initial phase: drugs used to rapidly kill bacteria and prevent drug resistance, lasts 2 months

Continuing phase: lasts 4 months

18
Q

Primary TB drugs ex

A

Rifampin, isoniazid,pyrazimamide, and ethambutol

19
Q

Retreatment protocol

A

Using secondary drugs, usually 4+. These include ethionamide, aminosalicylic acid, cycloserine, and capreomycin, also oxofloxacin and ciprofloxacin

20
Q

To treat MDR-TB

A

obedaquiline was developed (interferes with bacterial enzymes) but comes with increased risk of cariovascular death and patients should be monitored for prolonged QT intervals

21
Q

Ethambutol adverse reactions (generalized )

A

Dermatitis and pruritus, joint pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting

22
Q

Ethambutol adverse reactions (sever reactions)

A

Anaphylactoid reactions, optic neuritis

23
Q

Ethambutol contraindications, precaution and interactions

A

Not for people younger than 13, caution in pregnancy (cat B), caution in people with hepatic or renal impairment and in people with diabetic retinopathy and cataracts

24
Q

Isoniazid generalized adverse reactions

A

More adverse reactions with higher doses, nausea and vomiting, epigastric diseases, fever, skin eruptions, hematologists changes, jaundice, hypersensitivity

25
Q

Isoniazid toxicity

A

Peripheral neuropathy, and severe hepatitis

26
Q

Isoniazid contraindications and precautions

A

Caution in pregnancy (cat C) or lactation and in patients with renal or hepatic impairment

27
Q

Isoniazid interactions

A

Aluminum antacids result in reduced absorption, anticoagulants result in an increased risk of bleeding, phenytoin results in increased serum levels of phenytoin, and alcohol results in a higher chance of drug related hepatitis. When taken with foods containing tyramine (aged cheese, meats, bananas, yeast products, and alcohol) can result in hypertension, increased HR and palpitations

28
Q

Pyrazinamide generalized side effects

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia (aches), and rashes

29
Q

Pyrazinamide primary adverse reaction

A

Hepatoxicity

30
Q

Pyrazinamide contraindications and precautions

A

Contraindicated with gout, and sever hepatic damage caution in pregnancy (cat C), and lactation and in patients with hepatic and renal impairment, HIV, and diabetes mellitus

31
Q

Pyrazinamide interactions

A

Anti gout meds allopurinol, colchicine, or probenecid, cause pyrazinamide effectiveness to decrease

32
Q

Rifampin adverse reactions

A

Nausea and vomiting, epic Astrid distress, heartburn, fatigue, vertigo, rash, reddish-orange discoloration of body fluids, hematologists changes, renal insufficiency

33
Q

Rifampin contraindications and precautions

A

Caution in pregnancy (cat C) and lactation and in patients with renal or hepatic impairment

34
Q

Rifampin interactions

A

Antiretrovirals result in decreased serum levels of antiretrovirals, digoxin results in decreased serum levels of digoxin, oral contraceptives result in decreased contraceptive effectiveness, isoniazid results in higher risk for hepatoxicity, oral anticoagulants result in an increased risk of bleeding, oral hypoglycemics result in decreased effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agent, chloramphenicol results in an increased risk for seizures, phenytoin results in a decreased effectiveness in phenytoin, and verapmil results in decreased effectiveness of verapmil

35
Q

Drugs to treat leprosy

A

Dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin, and ethionamide