Antitubercular Drugs

Question 1

Directly observed therapy (DOT)

Answer 1

Drug dose taken in from of the administrator

Question 2

Extrapulmonary

Answer 2

Occurring outside of the lungs in the respiratory system

Question 3

Gout

Answer 3

A metabolic disorder resulting in increased levels of Uris acid and causing severe joint pain

Question 4

Latent TB

Answer 4

Inactive M. tuberculosis bacterium in the body, which is alive, but no infectious and can become active later

Question 5

Multi drug-resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

Answer 5

Bacterium that is resistant to a number of different drugs (can be expensive to treat)

Question 6

Mycobacterium leprae

Answer 6

Bacterium that causes leprosy (chronic, communicable, disease infrequently seen in the US)

Question 7

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 7

Bacterium that causes TB

Question 8

Optic neuritis

Answer 8

Inflammation of optic nerve, causing a decrease in visual acuity and changes in color perception

Question 9

Peripheral neuropathy

Answer 9

Numbness and tingling of the extremities

Question 10

Vertigo

Answer 10

Feeling is a spinning or rotational motion, dizziness

Question 11

Primary drugs

Answer 11

Provide foundation for treatment

Question 12

Secondary drugs

Answer 12

Used for MDR-TB (more costly and toxic than primary drugs)

Question 13

Secondary drugs ex

Answer 13

Certain flouroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin, and rifampin and isoniazid

Question 14

Anti tubercular MOA

Answer 14

Both bacteriostatic and bactericidal. Usually inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis to slow multiplication rates

Question 15

What to give for latent TB therapy

Answer 15

Isoniazid

Question 16

Latent TB signs and symptoms

Answer 16

Doesn’t feel sick, PPD skin test or blood test is positive for TB infection, normal chest x-ray and negative sputum test, has TB bacteria, but it is inactive, can’t spread TB bacteria to others, needs treatment to prevent active disease at a later time

Question 17

2 parts of standard treatment protocol for TB

Answer 17

Initial phase: drugs used to rapidly kill bacteria and prevent drug resistance, lasts 2 months

Continuing phase: lasts 4 months

Question 18

Primary TB drugs ex

Answer 18

Rifampin, isoniazid,pyrazimamide, and ethambutol

Question 19

Retreatment protocol

Answer 19

Using secondary drugs, usually 4+. These include ethionamide, aminosalicylic acid, cycloserine, and capreomycin, also oxofloxacin and ciprofloxacin

Question 20

To treat MDR-TB

Answer 20

obedaquiline was developed (interferes with bacterial enzymes) but comes with increased risk of cariovascular death and patients should be monitored for prolonged QT intervals

Question 21

Ethambutol adverse reactions (generalized )

Answer 21

Dermatitis and pruritus, joint pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting

Question 22

Ethambutol adverse reactions (sever reactions)

Answer 22

Anaphylactoid reactions, optic neuritis

Question 23

Ethambutol contraindications, precaution and interactions

Answer 23

Not for people younger than 13, caution in pregnancy (cat B), caution in people with hepatic or renal impairment and in people with diabetic retinopathy and cataracts

Question 24

Isoniazid generalized adverse reactions

Answer 24

More adverse reactions with higher doses, nausea and vomiting, epigastric diseases, fever, skin eruptions, hematologists changes, jaundice, hypersensitivity

Question 25

Isoniazid toxicity

Answer 25

Peripheral neuropathy, and severe hepatitis

Question 26

Isoniazid contraindications and precautions

Answer 26

Caution in pregnancy (cat C) or lactation and in patients with renal or hepatic impairment

Question 27

Isoniazid interactions

Answer 27

Aluminum antacids result in reduced absorption, anticoagulants result in an increased risk of bleeding, phenytoin results in increased serum levels of phenytoin, and alcohol results in a higher chance of drug related hepatitis. When taken with foods containing tyramine (aged cheese, meats, bananas, yeast products, and alcohol) can result in hypertension, increased HR and palpitations

Question 28

Pyrazinamide generalized side effects

Answer 28

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia (aches), and rashes

Question 29

Pyrazinamide primary adverse reaction

Answer 29

Hepatoxicity

Question 30

Pyrazinamide contraindications and precautions

Answer 30

Contraindicated with gout, and sever hepatic damage caution in pregnancy (cat C), and lactation and in patients with hepatic and renal impairment, HIV, and diabetes mellitus

Question 31

Pyrazinamide interactions

Answer 31

Anti gout meds allopurinol, colchicine, or probenecid, cause pyrazinamide effectiveness to decrease

Question 32

Rifampin adverse reactions

Answer 32

Nausea and vomiting, epic Astrid distress, heartburn, fatigue, vertigo, rash, reddish-orange discoloration of body fluids, hematologists changes, renal insufficiency

Question 33

Rifampin contraindications and precautions

Answer 33

Caution in pregnancy (cat C) and lactation and in patients with renal or hepatic impairment

Question 34

Rifampin interactions

Answer 34

Antiretrovirals result in decreased serum levels of antiretrovirals, digoxin results in decreased serum levels of digoxin, oral contraceptives result in decreased contraceptive effectiveness, isoniazid results in higher risk for hepatoxicity, oral anticoagulants result in an increased risk of bleeding, oral hypoglycemics result in decreased effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agent, chloramphenicol results in an increased risk for seizures, phenytoin results in a decreased effectiveness in phenytoin, and verapmil results in decreased effectiveness of verapmil

Question 35

Drugs to treat leprosy

Answer 35

Dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin, and ethionamide