Seizures/Epilepsy

Question 1

Define focal seizures

Answer 1

start on one side of the brain but can spread to the other side

Question 2

Define generalized seizures

Answer 2

start on both sides of the brain

Question 3

define tonic movements

Answer 3

rigid or tense muscles

Question 4

Define status epilepticus

Answer 4

seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes

Question 5

Define how ketogenic diet helps

Answer 5

for refractory seizures
4:1 ratio of fat to carb
ketosis leads to a reduction in seizure frequency

Question 6

Ethosuximide is used primarily for what type of seizure

Answer 6

absence seizures

Question 7

BZD MOA

Answer 7

increase GABA

Question 8

VPA MOA

Answer 8

increase GABA

Question 9

phenobarbital MOA

Answer 9

enhance potentiate GABA effect

Question 10

Levetiracetam MOA

Answer 10

CCB and increase GABA

Question 11

Ethosuximide MOA

Answer 11

T-type CCB

Question 12

pregabalin/gabapentin MOA

Answer 12

CCB

Question 13

Carbamazepine MOA

Answer 13

Na channel blocker

Question 14

Phenytoin MOA

Answer 14

Na channel blocker

Question 15

Lamotrigine boxed warning

Answer 15

SJS

Question 16

SE of lamotrigine

Answer 16

alopecia

-supplement with selenium and zinc

Question 17

VPA and lamotrigine DDI

Answer 17

VPA increases lamotrigine levels

Question 18

OC and lamotrigine DDI

Answer 18

OC decrease lamotrigine

-specifically the estrogen

Question 19

Levetiracetam IV:PO ratio

Answer 19

1:1

Question 20

Topiramate warning and SE

Answer 20

metabolic acidosis
oligohidrosis
nephrolithiasis
glaucoma
hyperammoniemia
fetal harm
somnolence
memory problems
weight loss

Question 21

topiramate and OC

Answer 21

decrease OC with dose > 200 mg/day

Question 22

VPA therapeutic range

Answer 22

50-100 mcg/mL

Question 23

Boxed warning for VPA

Answer 23

hepatic failure
fetal harm
pancreatitis

Question 24

Warning and SE of VPA

Answer 24

hyperammonemia-treat with carnitine
thrombocytopenia (inc bleeding risk)
alopecia-treat with selenium and zinc
weight gain

Question 25

Carbamazepine brand name

Answer 25

Tegretol

Question 26

therapeutic range for CBZ

Answer 26

4-12 mcg/mL

Question 27

Boxed warning for CBZ

Answer 27

SJS
HLA-B*1502
aplastic anemia
agranulocytosis

Question 28

CI for CBZ

Answer 28

myelosupression

Question 29

Warning and SE of CBZ

Answer 29

hyponatremia (SIADH)

fetal harm

Question 30

lacosamide brand name

Answer 30

vimpat

Question 31

lacosamide warning

Answer 31

prolong PR interval-risk for arrhythmias

Question 32

oxcarbazepine brand name

Answer 32

trileptal

Question 33

oxcarbazepine warning and SE

Answer 33

SJS
HLA-B*1502
hyponatremia

Question 34

phenobarbital therapeutic range

Answer 34

20-40 mcg/mL

Question 35

phenobarbital SE

Answer 35

habit forming
respiratory depression
fetal harm

Question 36

phenobarbital and OC

Answer 36

decrease OC levels

Question 37

Phenytoin brand name

Answer 37

Dilantin

Question 38

Fosphenytoin brand name

Answer 38

Cerebyx

Question 39

phenytoin IV:PO ratio

Answer 39

1:1

Question 40

SE of phenytoin

Answer 40

gingival hyperplasia
hair growth
heptatoxcity

Question 41

Gabapentin warnings and SE

Answer 41

peripheral edema
somnolence
weight gain

Question 42

what is the prodrug of phenobarbital

Answer 42

primidone

Question 43

Vigabatrin boxed warning

Answer 43

> 30% of patients have permanent vision loss

Question 44

CI to zonisamide

Answer 44

allergy to sulfonamides

Question 45

phenytoin correction calculation

Answer 45

total phenytoin measured / [(0.2 x albumin) + 0.1]

Question 46

All patients on AEDs should be supplemented with?

Answer 46

Ca and Vit D b/c of bone loss