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NAPLEX > Osteoporosis, Menopause & Testosterone use > Flashcards

Osteoporosis, Menopause & Testosterone use Flashcards

1
Q

define osteoblasts

A

cells involved in bone formation

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2
Q

define osteoclasts

A

cells involved in bone resorption; they breakdown tissue in bone

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3
Q

At what age should men and women get a BMD test

A

women > 65

men >70

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4
Q

what is the FRAX tool

A

estimates the risk of osteoporotic fracture in the next 10 years

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5
Q

What is a T-score

A

compares the patient’s measured BMD to the average peak BMD of a healthy young white adult of the same sex

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6
Q

T-score > -1

A

normal

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7
Q

T-score: -1 to -2.4

A

osteopenia

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8
Q

T-score:

A

osteoprosis

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9
Q

Vitamin D deficiency in children causes

A

rickets

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10
Q

Vitamin D deficiency in adults causes

A

osteomalacia: softening of the bones

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11
Q

What is the recommended dose of Vit D

A

800-2000 IU daily

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12
Q

How should Ca be taken

A

it is saturable

doses above 500-600 of elemental Ca should be divded

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13
Q

Ca citrate has better absorption when

A

gastric pH is increased

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14
Q

recommended intake of Ca

A

1000-1200 mg daily

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15
Q

Ca carbonate has how much elemental ca

A

40%

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16
Q

Ca citrate has how much elemental ca

A

21%

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17
Q

Medications of osteoporosis prevention

A

bisphosphonates
estrogen-based therapies
raloxifene

18
Q

Medications for treatment of osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonates
denosumab
parathyroid hormone analogs
calcitonin

19
Q

1st line treatment or prevention of osteoporosis

A

bisphosphonates

20
Q

administration instructions for bisphosphonates

A

stay upright for 30 minutes

drink 8oz water

21
Q

Denosumab SE

A

hypocalcemia

22
Q

parathyroid hormone analogs

A

teriparatide

abaloparatide

23
Q

Raloxifene indication

A

alternative to bisphosphonates in high risk patients of vertebral fractures

24
Q

bisphosphonates MOA

A

increase bone density by inhibiting osteoclast activity and bone resorption in vertebral and hip fractures

25
Q

List bisphosphonates

A

alendronate
risedronate
ibandronate
zoledronic acid

26
Q

which bisphosphonates only reduce vertebral factures

A

ibandronate

27
Q

Warning of bisphosphonates

A

ONJ: osteonecrosis of the jaw

28
Q

Raloxifene MOA

A

estrogen agonist/antagonist (SERM) that decrease bone resorption

29
Q

Calcitonin MOA

A

inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts

30
Q

Parathyroid hormone 1-34 MOA

A

stimulates osteoblast activity and increases bone formation

used for treatment of osteoprosis when there is a very high risk of fractures

31
Q

restriction to parathyroid hormone analogs

A

treatment duration is restricted to 2 years

32
Q

Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) inhibitor MOA

A

monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL and blocks its interaction with RANK ( a receptor of osteoclasts) to prevent osteoclast formation this leads to decreased bone resorption and increased bone mass

33
Q

Define menopause

A

the last menstrual period was over 12 months ago

a decrease in estrogen and progesterone causes an increase in FSH resulting in vasomotor symptoms

34
Q

define vasomotor symptoms

A

recurrent transient episodes of flushing and sensation of heat in the upper body and face, sometimes followed by chills

35
Q

treatment for vasomotor symptoms

A

estrogen to cause a decrease in LH and more stable temperature control

36
Q

to treat menopause with estrogen what needs considered

A

uterus

-needs a combo with progesterone this is b/c unopposed estrogen increases the risk of endometrial cancer

37
Q

treatment for menopause vaginal symptoms only

A

local estrogen

38
Q

natural products used for vasomotor symptoms

A

black cohosh
evening primrose oil
red clover soy

39
Q

non-hormonal treatment for vasomotor symptoms

A

paroxetine

40
Q

medications that can lower testosterone

A

methadone
chemotherapy
cimetidine
spironolactone

NAPLEX (65 decks)

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