Diabetes Flashcards
Define DKA
without insulin , glucose cannot enter muscle cells and fat is used as an alternative energy source and fat breakdown produces ketones and the ketones can cause DKA
Fasting BG in pregnancy
< 95
S/S of diabetes
polyuria polyphagia polydipsia blurred vision fatigue
Diagnosis of prediabetes
FPG 100-125
2h PG 140-199
A1C 5.7-6.4%
Diagnosis of diabetes
symptoms and random glucose > 200
FPG > 126
2h PG >200
A1C > 6.5%
prevention of preeclampsia with diabetics in pregnancy
ASA 81
BP goal with DM and ASCVD 10y risk of >15%
<130/80
BP goal with DM and ASCVD 10y risk of <15%
<140/90
how to test for peripheral neuropathy
10-g monofilament
First line treatment for neuropathy
pregabalin
duloxeetine
gabatenpin
treatment for diabetic kidney disease
ACEi or ARB
Diagnosis for diabetic kidney disease
urinary albumin excretion >30mg/24 hours
urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g
ADA goal of A1C
<7%
ADA goal of FBG
80-130
ADA goal of PPG
<180
First line treatment for DM with A1C >8.5% and >10%
- 5: dual therapy
10: insulin
If DM and ASCVD treatment
GLP1 agonists -liraglutide -semaglutide -exenatide OR SGLT2 inhibitors -empagliflozin -canagliflozin
If DM and HF or CKD treatment
SGLT2 inhibitors -empagliflozin -canagliflozin IF contraindicated use GLP1 agonists -liraglutide -semaglutide -exenatide
If DM and no ASCVD or CKD treatment
to minimize hypoglycemia -DPP-4i -GLP1-agonist -SGLT2i -TZD to promote weight loss -GLP-1 agonist -SGLT2i consider lower cost -SU -TZD
Which drugs have MOA to increase or replace insulin secretion
insulin
SU
meglitinides
Which drugs have MOA to decrease hepatic glucose output
metformin
Which drugs have MOA to decrease glucagon which decrease glucose production
GLP-1 agonist
DPP-4 inhibitors
Pramlintide
Which drugs have MOA to slow gastric emptying (increasing satiety)
GLP-1 agonists
Pramlintide
Which drugs have MOA to increase glucose excretion
SGLT2 inhibitors
Which drugs increase insulin sensitivity
TZDs
Metformin
Janumet generic name
metformin/sitagliptin
Contraindication to metformin
CrCl < 30
warning for metformin
lactic acidosis
Which clasess of drugs are insulin secretagogues
meglintinides
sulfonylureas
List meglinitides
repalinide
nateglinide
Which classes of drugs cause hypoglycemia
metglinitinides
sulfonylureas
insulin