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Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Define DKA

A

without insulin , glucose cannot enter muscle cells and fat is used as an alternative energy source and fat breakdown produces ketones and the ketones can cause DKA

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2
Q

Fasting BG in pregnancy

A

< 95

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3
Q

S/S of diabetes

A 
polyuria
polyphagia
polydipsia
blurred vision 
fatigue
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4
Q

Diagnosis of prediabetes

A

FPG 100-125
2h PG 140-199
A1C 5.7-6.4%

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5
Q

Diagnosis of diabetes

A

symptoms and random glucose > 200
FPG > 126
2h PG >200
A1C > 6.5%

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6
Q

prevention of preeclampsia with diabetics in pregnancy

A

ASA 81

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7
Q

BP goal with DM and ASCVD 10y risk of >15%

A

<130/80

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8
Q

BP goal with DM and ASCVD 10y risk of <15%

A

<140/90

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9
Q

how to test for peripheral neuropathy

A

10-g monofilament

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10
Q

First line treatment for neuropathy

A

pregabalin
duloxeetine
gabatenpin

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11
Q

treatment for diabetic kidney disease

A

ACEi or ARB

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12
Q

Diagnosis for diabetic kidney disease

A

urinary albumin excretion >30mg/24 hours

urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g

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13
Q

ADA goal of A1C

A

<7%

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14
Q

ADA goal of FBG

A

80-130

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15
Q

ADA goal of PPG

A

<180

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16
Q

First line treatment for DM with A1C >8.5% and >10%

A
  1. 5: dual therapy

10: insulin

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17
Q

If DM and ASCVD treatment

A 
GLP1 agonists
-liraglutide
-semaglutide
-exenatide
OR
SGLT2 inhibitors
-empagliflozin
-canagliflozin
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18
Q

If DM and HF or CKD treatment

A 
SGLT2 inhibitors
-empagliflozin
-canagliflozin
IF contraindicated use GLP1 agonists
-liraglutide
-semaglutide
-exenatide
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19
Q

If DM and no ASCVD or CKD treatment

A 
to minimize hypoglycemia
-DPP-4i
-GLP1-agonist
-SGLT2i
-TZD
to promote weight loss
-GLP-1 agonist
-SGLT2i
consider lower cost
-SU
-TZD
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20
Q

Which drugs have MOA to increase or replace insulin secretion

A

insulin
SU
meglitinides

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21
Q

Which drugs have MOA to decrease hepatic glucose output

A

metformin

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22
Q

Which drugs have MOA to decrease glucagon which decrease glucose production

A

GLP-1 agonist
DPP-4 inhibitors
Pramlintide

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23
Q

Which drugs have MOA to slow gastric emptying (increasing satiety)

A

GLP-1 agonists

Pramlintide

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24
Q

Which drugs have MOA to increase glucose excretion

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

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25
Which drugs increase insulin sensitivity
TZDs | Metformin
26
Janumet generic name
metformin/sitagliptin
27
Contraindication to metformin
CrCl < 30
28
warning for metformin
lactic acidosis
29
Which clasess of drugs are insulin secretagogues
meglintinides | sulfonylureas
30
List meglinitides
repalinide | nateglinide
31
Which classes of drugs cause hypoglycemia
metglinitinides sulfonylureas insulin
32
glipizide brand name
glucotrol
33
glimepiride brand name
amaryl
34
glyburide brand name
glynase
35
Name thiazolidinediones
pioglitazone | rosiglitazone
36
contraindication for TZD
heart failure-b/c of edema
37
List SGLT2i
Canagliflozin dapagliflozin empagliflozin
38
canagliflozin brand name
invokana
39
brand name dapagliflozin
farxiga
40
brand name empagliflozin
jardiance
41
Contraindication to all SGLT2i
CrCl < 30
42
major warning for SGLT2i
ketoacidosis AKI hypotension
43
major warning for canagliflozin
hyperkalemia
44
MOA DPP4i
prevent the enzyme DPP-4 from breaking down incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) these hormones help to regulate blood glucose levels by increasing isulin release from the pancreatic beta cells and decreasing glucagon secretion
45
List DPP4i
Sitagliptin Saxagliptin Linagliptin alogliptin
46
brand name for sitagliptin
januvia
47
brand name for linagliptin
tradjenta
48
Major warning for DPP4i
acute pancreatitis arthralgia heart failure
49
SGLT2i generic name ending
flozin
50
DPP4i generic name ending
gliptin
51
List alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
acarbose | miglitol
52
what dose to start basal insulin at for DM2
10u/d | 0.1-0.2 u/kg/d
53
what dose to start prandial insulin at for DM2
4u/d | 10% of basal insulin
54
GLP1 agonists generic name ending
tide
55
list GLP1 agonists
exenatide liraglutide dulaglutide semaglutide
56
GLP1 agonists MOA
analogs of incretin hormone GLP-1 which increase glucose-dependent insulin secretion , decrease glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, improves satiety and result in weight loss
57
Exenatide brand name
Byetta | if ER Bydureon
58
Liraglutide brand name
Victoza
59
Dulaglutide brand name
Trulicity
60
GLP1 agnosts warning
thyroid carcinoma | pancreatits
61
Pramlintide MOA
analog of amylin which is produced by pancreatic beta cells and helps control postprandial glucose by slowing gastric emptying, suppressing glucagon secretion following a meal
62
Insulin MOA
signals liver to convert glucose to glycogen required for glucose uptake by muscle cells regulates fat storage, converting excess glucose to fat
63
list rapid acting insulin
aspart lispro afrezza
64
insulin aspart brand name
novolog
65
insulin lispro brand name
humalog
66
list short acting insulin
regular insulin | concentrated regular insulin
67
list intermediate acting insulin
NPH
68
List long acting insulin
determir glargine degludec
69
brand name for insulin determir
levemir
70
brand name for insulin glargine
lantus | toujeo
71
brand name for insulin degludec
tresiba
72
Key drugs that can lower blood glucose not DM meds
linezolid beta blockers quinolones
73
target BG for hospitalized patients
140-180
74
3 items to recognize DKA
BG > 250 ketones anion gap
75
how to recognize HHS
BG > 600 extreme dehydration pH > 7.3
76
which DM drugs cause weight gain
insulin SU meglitindies TZD
77
which DM drugs cause hepatotoxicity
TZD | alopgliptin
78
which DM drugs cause UTI
SGLT2i

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