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NAPLEX > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Define DKA

A

without insulin , glucose cannot enter muscle cells and fat is used as an alternative energy source and fat breakdown produces ketones and the ketones can cause DKA

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2
Q

Fasting BG in pregnancy

A

< 95

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3
Q

S/S of diabetes

A 
polyuria
polyphagia
polydipsia
blurred vision 
fatigue
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4
Q

Diagnosis of prediabetes

A

FPG 100-125
2h PG 140-199
A1C 5.7-6.4%

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5
Q

Diagnosis of diabetes

A

symptoms and random glucose > 200
FPG > 126
2h PG >200
A1C > 6.5%

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6
Q

prevention of preeclampsia with diabetics in pregnancy

A

ASA 81

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7
Q

BP goal with DM and ASCVD 10y risk of >15%

A

<130/80

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8
Q

BP goal with DM and ASCVD 10y risk of <15%

A

<140/90

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9
Q

how to test for peripheral neuropathy

A

10-g monofilament

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10
Q

First line treatment for neuropathy

A

pregabalin
duloxeetine
gabatenpin

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11
Q

treatment for diabetic kidney disease

A

ACEi or ARB

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12
Q

Diagnosis for diabetic kidney disease

A

urinary albumin excretion >30mg/24 hours

urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g

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13
Q

ADA goal of A1C

A

<7%

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14
Q

ADA goal of FBG

A

80-130

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15
Q

ADA goal of PPG

A

<180

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16
Q

First line treatment for DM with A1C >8.5% and >10%

A
  1. 5: dual therapy

10: insulin

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17
Q

If DM and ASCVD treatment

A 
GLP1 agonists
-liraglutide
-semaglutide
-exenatide
OR
SGLT2 inhibitors
-empagliflozin
-canagliflozin
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18
Q

If DM and HF or CKD treatment

A 
SGLT2 inhibitors
-empagliflozin
-canagliflozin
IF contraindicated use GLP1 agonists
-liraglutide
-semaglutide
-exenatide
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19
Q

If DM and no ASCVD or CKD treatment

A 
to minimize hypoglycemia
-DPP-4i
-GLP1-agonist
-SGLT2i
-TZD
to promote weight loss
-GLP-1 agonist
-SGLT2i
consider lower cost
-SU
-TZD
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20
Q

Which drugs have MOA to increase or replace insulin secretion

A

insulin
SU
meglitinides

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21
Q

Which drugs have MOA to decrease hepatic glucose output

A

metformin

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22
Q

Which drugs have MOA to decrease glucagon which decrease glucose production

A

GLP-1 agonist
DPP-4 inhibitors
Pramlintide

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23
Q

Which drugs have MOA to slow gastric emptying (increasing satiety)

A

GLP-1 agonists

Pramlintide

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24
Q

Which drugs have MOA to increase glucose excretion

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

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25
Q

Which drugs increase insulin sensitivity

A

TZDs

Metformin

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26
Q

Janumet generic name

A

metformin/sitagliptin

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27
Q

Contraindication to metformin

A

CrCl < 30

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28
Q

warning for metformin

A

lactic acidosis

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29
Q

Which clasess of drugs are insulin secretagogues

A

meglintinides

sulfonylureas

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30
Q

List meglinitides

A

repalinide

nateglinide

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31
Q

Which classes of drugs cause hypoglycemia

A

metglinitinides
sulfonylureas
insulin

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32
Q

glipizide brand name

33
Q

glimepiride brand name

34
Q

glyburide brand name

35
Q

Name thiazolidinediones

A

pioglitazone

rosiglitazone

36
Q

contraindication for TZD

A

heart failure-b/c of edema

37
Q

List SGLT2i

A

Canagliflozin
dapagliflozin
empagliflozin

38
Q

canagliflozin brand name

39
Q

brand name dapagliflozin

40
Q

brand name empagliflozin

41
Q

Contraindication to all SGLT2i

42
Q

major warning for SGLT2i

A

ketoacidosis
AKI
hypotension

43
Q

major warning for canagliflozin

A

hyperkalemia

44
Q

MOA DPP4i

A

prevent the enzyme DPP-4 from breaking down incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) these hormones help to regulate blood glucose levels by increasing isulin release from the pancreatic beta cells and decreasing glucagon secretion

45
Q

List DPP4i

A

Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
Linagliptin
alogliptin

46
Q

brand name for sitagliptin

47
Q

brand name for linagliptin

48
Q

Major warning for DPP4i

A

acute pancreatitis
arthralgia
heart failure

49
Q

SGLT2i generic name ending

50
Q

DPP4i generic name ending

51
Q

List alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

acarbose

miglitol

52
Q

what dose to start basal insulin at for DM2

A

10u/d

0.1-0.2 u/kg/d

53
Q

what dose to start prandial insulin at for DM2

A

4u/d

10% of basal insulin

54
Q

GLP1 agonists generic name ending

55
Q

list GLP1 agonists

A

exenatide
liraglutide
dulaglutide
semaglutide

56
Q

GLP1 agonists MOA

A

analogs of incretin hormone GLP-1 which increase glucose-dependent insulin secretion , decrease glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, improves satiety and result in weight loss

57
Q

Exenatide brand name

A

Byetta

if ER Bydureon

58
Q

Liraglutide brand name

59
Q

Dulaglutide brand name

60
Q

GLP1 agnosts warning

A

thyroid carcinoma

pancreatits

61
Q

Pramlintide MOA

A

analog of amylin which is produced by pancreatic beta cells and helps control postprandial glucose by slowing gastric emptying, suppressing glucagon secretion following a meal

62
Q

Insulin MOA

A

signals liver to convert glucose to glycogen
required for glucose uptake by muscle cells
regulates fat storage, converting excess glucose to fat

63
Q

list rapid acting insulin

A

aspart
lispro
afrezza

64
Q

insulin aspart brand name

65
Q

insulin lispro brand name

66
Q

list short acting insulin

A

regular insulin

concentrated regular insulin

67
Q

list intermediate acting insulin

68
Q

List long acting insulin

A

determir
glargine
degludec

69
Q

brand name for insulin determir

70
Q

brand name for insulin glargine

A

lantus

toujeo

71
Q

brand name for insulin degludec

72
Q

Key drugs that can lower blood glucose not DM meds

A

linezolid
beta blockers
quinolones

73
Q

target BG for hospitalized patients

74
Q

3 items to recognize DKA

A

BG > 250
ketones
anion gap

75
Q

how to recognize HHS

A

BG > 600
extreme dehydration
pH > 7.3

76
Q

which DM drugs cause weight gain

A

insulin
SU
meglitindies
TZD

77
Q

which DM drugs cause hepatotoxicity

A

TZD

alopgliptin

78
Q

which DM drugs cause UTI

NAPLEX (65 decks)

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