Anemia

Question 1

Define glossitis

Answer 1

inflamed, sore tongue

Question 2

Define Koilonychias

Answer 2

thin, concave, spoon-shaped nails

Question 3

Define pica

Answer 3

craving and eating non-foods such as chalk or clay

Question 4

Which anemia presents with glossitis, koilonychias, and pica

Answer 4

iron deficient anemia

Question 5

What does B12 deficiency present with

Answer 5

neurologic symptoms such as peripheral neuropathies, visual disturbances, psychiatric symptoms

Question 6

What is MCV

Answer 6

mean corpuscular volume

-reflects the size or average volume of rBCs

Question 7

what does a low MCV mean

Answer 7

RBCs are smaller than normal (microcytic)

Question 8

What does a high MCV mean

Answer 8

RBCs are larger than normal (macrocytic)

Question 9

What value is microcytic MCV

Answer 9

< 80

Question 10

cause of microcytic anemia

Answer 10

iron deficiency

Question 11

what is normocytic MCV

Answer 11

80-100

Question 12

What is macrocytic MCV

Answer 12

> 100

Question 13

What causes macrocytic MCV

Answer 13

vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

Question 14

Lab findings of iron deficient anemia

Answer 14

low Hgb, MCV <80, low RBC, low serum iron, low ferritin, low TSAT, high TIBC

Question 15

antidote for iron overdose

Answer 15

deferoxamine

Question 16

is iron absorbed better in basic or acidic environment

Answer 16

acidic

Question 17

vit C and Iron

Answer 17

vit C increases the absorption of iron by providing an acidic environment

Question 18

Define pernicious anemia

Answer 18

the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency due to a lack of intrinsic factor which is required for adequate vit B12 absorption in the small intesntsine

Question 19

Treatment of macrocytic anemia

Answer 19

vitamin B12 injections

Question 20

Normocytic anemia is caused by

Answer 20

acute blood loss
malignancy
CKD

Question 21

Anemia of CKD due to

Answer 21

deficiency in erythropoietin a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBCs

Question 22

Treatment for anemia of CKD

Answer 22

ESA

iron therapy

Question 23

ESAs are ineffective if?

Answer 23

iron stores are low

Question 24

Initiate ESAs when Hgb is

Answer 24

<10

Question 25

IV route of ESAs is preferred for whom

Answer 25

patients on HD

Question 26

frequency of epoetin alfa

Answer 26

3x/wk

Question 27

frequency of darbepoetin

Answer 27

weekly

Question 28

Define aplastic anemia

Answer 28

occurs when bone marrow fails to make enough RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

Question 29

define hemolytic anemia

Answer 29

RBCs are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan of 120 days

Question 30

Drugs that cause hemolytic anemia (6)

Answer 30

``` dapsone methylene blue primaquine pegloticase rasburicase VPA ```