Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NAPLEX > Renal Disease > Flashcards

Renal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Define AKI

A

a sudden loss of kidney function due to a non-renal condition. often reversible but can be permanent if the precipitating condition is not corrected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

BUN:SCr ratio to define dehydration

A

> 20:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define CKD

A

a progressive loss of kidney function over months or years. the egree of kidney function is measured by the GFR or CrCl and how much albumin is in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define ESRD

A

Total and permanent kidney failure. Fluid and waste accumulates. Dialysis or transplant is needed to assume the functions of the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of the nephron

A

control the concentrations of sodium and water. Regulates blood volume thus blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of arteriole

A

delivers blood into the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is most of the Na and Ca resabsorbed

A

Proximal Tubule
~65% Na
~ 70% Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is water reabsorbed

A

loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MOA of loop diuretics

A

inhibit the Na-K pump in the ascending limb of the loop on henle. less Na is is reabsorbed back into the blood thus less water to be reabsorbed as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Loop diuretics on Ca

A

By blocking the Na-K pump it will cause less Ca reabsorption leading to depletion thus can decrease bone density over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MOA of thiazide diuretics

A

inhibit the Na-Cl pump in the DCT.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are loop or thiazide diuretics weaker?

A

thiazide b/c only ~5% Na is reabsorbed in the DCT where thiazides work versus ~25% for loop diuretics in the loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thiazide diuretics on Ca

A

increase Ca reabsorption at the Ca pump in the DCT thus has protective effect on bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aldosterone and the collecting duct

A

increase Na and water reabsorption and decrease K reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aldosterone antagonists (2)

A

sprinolactone

eplerenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aldosterone antagonists MOA

A

block aldosterone, more Na and water is excreted in the urine and serum K increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Drugs that cause kidney disease (10)

A 
aminoglycosides
amophotericin B
Cisplatin
Cyclosporine
Loop diuretics
NSAIDs
Polymyxins
Contrast Dye
Tacrolimus
Vancomycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does BUN measure

A

the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism. As kidney function declines, BUN increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does Creatinine measure

A

a waste product of muscle metabolism is mostly filtered by the glomerulus and is easily measured. As kidney function declines creatinine increases. Any creatinine that is not filtered is secreted into nephron tubules. the amount secreted increases as renal function declines and less creatinine is filtered (a compensatory mechanism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

normal range for SCr

A

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

albuminuria is also known as

A

proteinuria

22
Q

At what GFR and albuminuria indicates CKD

A

GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and ACR or AER >30

23
Q

KDIGO guidlines for BP

A

<140/90 with no proteinuria

<130/80 with proteinuria

24
Q

ACEi and ARB MOA

A

inhibit RAAS causing efferent arteriolar dilation

25
Q

normal CrCl for a young adult

A

120-125 mL/min

26
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

contributes to chronically elevated PTH levels since in renal failure there is less PO4 clearance

27
Q

Hyperphosphatemia causes (3)

A

High serum PO4

dec. in Ca abosprtion
dec. in EPO production

28
Q

High PTH (hyperparathyroidism) causes (2)

A

fractures
-b/c Ca is being pulled from bones d/t low Ca
CVD
-b/c high serum vascular calcification

29
Q

Treatment for High serum PO4

A

dietary phosphate restriction

phosphate binders

30
Q

treatment for dec. Ca absorption

A

Vit. D

Calcimemetic

31
Q

Treatment for dec. EPO production

A

Iron

ESA

32
Q

Phosphate binders-calcium based (2)

A 
Calcium acetate (phoslo)
calcium carbonate (Tums)
33
Q

Phosphate binders- Al-free, Ca-free (4)

A

Sucroferric oxyhydroxide
Ferric citrate
Lanthanum carbonate
Sevelamer-not systemically absorbed

34
Q

Cholecalciferol is what

A

vitamin D3

synthesized in the skin after exposure to UV

35
Q

Ergocalciferol is what

A

vitamin D2

produced from plant sterols and primary dietary source of vit D

36
Q

Name the active form of Vitamin D3

A

calcitriol

37
Q

Calcimimetic MOA

A

inhibit PTH release by increasing the sensitivity of the Ca receptor on the parathyroid gland

38
Q

Calcimimetic (1)

A

cinacalcet

39
Q

What level is defined as anemia

A

HgB < 13 g/dL

40
Q

EPO (erythropoietin) function

A

produced by the kidneys and travels to the bone marrow to stimulate the production of RBC

41
Q

ESAs (erhytropoiesis stimulating agents (3)

A

Procrit-epoetin Alfa
Epogen- epoetin alfa
Aranesp-longer lasting formulation darepoetin

42
Q

When to use an ESA

A

when HgB <10 g/dL

43
Q

What major risk does ESA carry

A

thrombosis: risk is increased with higher HgB levels so d/c ESA if Hbg >11

44
Q

What to check prior to starting ESA

A

iron levels: b/c iron is required to make hemoglobin. so assess iron panel (iron, ferritin, and TSAT)

45
Q

Hyperkalemia treatment steps

A
  1. stabilize the heart (prevent arrhythmias)
  2. shift excess K intracellularly
  3. Enhance K elimination
46
Q

Hyperkalemia treatment: stabilize the heart

A

Ca Gluconate

47
Q

Hyperkalemia treatment: shift K intracellularly

A

Regular insulin
dextrose
Na Bicarbonate
Albuterol

48
Q

Hyperkalemia treatment: enhance K elimination

A 
furosemide
Na polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate)
patiromer (Veltassa)
Na zirconium cyclosilicate(Lokelma)
hemodialysis
49
Q

kidney function in CKD with bicarb

A

the ability of the kidney to reabsorb bicabonate decreases as CKD progresses this can result in the development of metabolic acidosis

50
Q

When to replace bicarbonate

A

when serum bicarb <22 mEq/L

51
Q

3 drug absorption factors affected by HD

A

molecular weight: smaller molecules easily removed by HD
volume of distribution: drug w/ large Vd less likely to be removed by HD
Protein-binding: highly protein bound less likely to be removed

52
Q

Brand name for cinacalcet

A

Sensipar

NAPLEX (65 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions