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Pharmacology > Sedative-Hypnotics and Alcohol > Flashcards

Sedative-Hypnotics and Alcohol Flashcards

0
Q

Side effect of Benzodiazepines

A

Anterograde amnesia
Decreased psychomotor skills
Unwated daytime sedation
Additive CNS depression with Ethanol

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1
Q

Short-acting Benzodiazepine

A

Midazolam (Etizolam, Brotizolam, Triazolam, Oxazepam)

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2
Q

Abnormal sleep pattern in Benzodiazepines

A

Decreased REM sleep

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3
Q

Intermediate acting Benzodiazepines

A

Lorazepam (Clonazepam, Lormetazepam, Estazolam, Alprazolam, Nitrazepam, Temazepam)

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4
Q

MOA of Benzodiazepines

A

GABA-A subunit binding, increased FREQUENCY of chloride channel opening

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5
Q

Long acting Benzodiazepine

A

Diazepam (Flunitrazepam, Flurazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Chlorazepate)

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6
Q

Date-rape drugs

A

Ethanol
Funitrazepam
Gamma-hydroxybutirate

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7
Q

Benzodiazepine with longest half-life

A

Chlordiazepoxide

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8
Q

benzodiazepine overdose antidote

A

Flumazenil

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9
Q

MOA of flumazenil

A

Benzodiazepine GABA-A receptor antagonist

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10
Q

Side effect of short-acting benzodiazepine

A

Rebound insomnia/anxiety

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11
Q

Rohypnol

A

Flunitrazepam

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12
Q

Flumazenil Side effect

A

Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome

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13
Q

Barbiturate MOA

A

Bind to GABA-A receptor sites, increase DURATION of chloride channel opening

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14
Q

Ultrashort-acting Barbiturate

A

Thiopental (Methohexital, Thiamylal)

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15
Q

Side effect of Barbiturates

A

CNS depression
Tolerance/Dependence
Acute intermittent porphyria

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16
Q

Enzyme deficient in acute intermittent porphyria

A

Porphobilinogen deaminase

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17
Q

Most catastropic side effect of sedative-hypnotic

A

Rebound suicide

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18
Q

Class of Zolpidem

A

Imidazopyridine

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19
Q

Short/Intermediate-acting Barbiturate

A

Pentobarbital (-bital, -butal)

20
Q

Long-acting Barbiturate

A

Phenobarbital (Mephobarbital, Pyrimidone)

21
Q

Imidazopyridine

A

Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Eszopiclone

22
Q

Indication for Zolpidem

A

Insomnia

23
Q

Side effect of Zolpidem

A

Modest day-after psychomotor depression

Dependence

24
Q

Reversal of Zolpidem side effects

A

Flumazenil

25
Q

Buspirone MOA

A

Partial agonist at 5-HT1a receptors and D2 receptors

26
Q

Buspirone indication

A

General Anxiety Disorder

27
Q

Metabolism of low to moderate doses of ethanol

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

28
Q

Metabolism of high doses if ethanol (>100 mg/dL)

A

Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)

29
Q

Fixed capacity for ethanol metabolism

A

7-10 g/h

30
Q

Inhibits Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase

A

Disulfiram

31
Q

Blood alcohol concentration for impaired driving ability

A

60-80 mg/dL

32
Q

Blood alcohol concentration for respiratory depssion and coma

A

> 500 mg/dL

33
Q

Most common neurologic side effect of chronic ethanol consumption

A

Peripheral neuropathy

34
Q

Most common complication of chronic alcohol consumption

A

Liver disease - cirrhosis and hepatic failure

35
Q

Clinical manifestation of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Ataxia
Confusion
Ophthalmoplegia

36
Q

pathologic brain findings in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

Hemorrhagic necrosis of the mamillary bodies

37
Q

Cardiovascular complication of chronic alcohol consumption

A

Reversile dilated cardiomyopathy

38
Q

Amount of ethanol intake per day to increase HDL

A

10-15 g/day

39
Q

Most common manifestation of fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Mental retardation

40
Q

Manifestions of Delirium Tremens

A

Hallucination
Autonomic disability
Delirium

41
Q

Onset of Delirium Tremens

A

48-72 hours post-withdrawal

42
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome DOC in patients with no co-morbids

A

Long acting Benzodiazepine

43
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome DOC for patients with hepatic failure

A

Short-acting Benzodiazepine

44
Q

Alcoholism treatment options

A

Naltrexone (opioid receptor antagonist)
Acamprosate (NMDA receptor antagonist)
Disulfiram (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor)

45
Q

Disulfiram reaction

A

Chlorpropamide Cefoperazone
Cefamandole Procarbazine
Metronidazole

46
Q

Methanol Toxicty accumlates what?

A

Formic acid and Formaldehyde

47
Q

Ethylene glycol toxicity accumulates what?

A

Oxalic acid

48
Q

DOC for Methanol and Ethylene Glycol toxicity

A

Ethanol

Fomepizole

Pharmacology (31 decks)

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