Antibiotics - Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards
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Bactericidal Antibiotics - Nitrofurantoin, Aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, Streptogrammin, Fluoroquinolones, Penicillin, Metronidazole
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Bacteriostatic Antibiotics - Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Linezolid, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline
Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Aztreonam
Beta Lactamase Inhibitors
Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam
Inhibits D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan
Vancomycin, Teicoplanin (SimD)
Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor MOA
Beta Lactam enters cytoplasm via PORINS and binds to penicillin-binding-proteins (PBP) inhibiting transpeptidation at the cell wall
Enzymatic hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring
Beta Lactamase
Mechanism of Penicillin resistance
Beta Lactamase
PBP structural change
Porin structure change
Penicillin V route of administration
Oral
Penicillin G route of administration
Injection
Narrow spectrum Penicillin
Pen V, Pen G
Streptococcal, Pneumococcal, Meningococcal and Syphilis DOC
Pen V, Pen G
Very Narrow spectrum Penicillin
Methicillin (Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin)
Staphylococcal DOC
Methicillin
Beta lactamase resistant Penicillin
Methicillin
Penicillin causing interstitial nephritis
Methicillin
Penicillin causing neutropenia
Nafcillin
Extended spectrum Penicillin
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin
Hemophilus, Enterococci, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, E. Coli DOC
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin
Anti-pseudomonal Penicillin
Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin
Bacterial Cell wall synthesis inhibitor with greatest bone and soft tissue penetration
Cephalosporin
First Generation Cephalosporin
(-FAD, -FAZ-, -PH-)
Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella
First Generation Cephalosporin
Increases nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides
First and Second Generation Cephalosporins
Cross-allergenicity with Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Second Generation Cephalosporin
(-FAM, -FOX, -FOR, -FUR, -TEA, -LOR, -AZOLE, -PRO, -FON)
Hemophilus, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella, Serratia
Second Generation Cephalosporin
HEN PEcKS
Second Generation Cephalosporin
FIRST PEcK
First Generation Cephalosporin
FAM FOX FOR FUR TEA LOR AZOLE PRO FON
Second Generation Cephalosporin
FEnge PO ng PERA to FIX my FT3 and TAX
Third Generation Cephalosporin
Third Generation Cephalosporin
FE, PO, PERA, FIX, TAX, FT
Anti-pseudomonal Cephalosporin
Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Cefoperazone
Fourth Generation Cephalosporin
Cefepime
Synergistic with Aminoglycosides
Third Generation Cephalosporin
Beta lactamase resistant Cephalosporin
Cefepime
Gram +»_space; Gram -
Third Generation Cephalosporin
Wide Gram + and Gram - coverage
Fourth Generation Cephalosporin, Carbapenems
Carbapenems
Imipinem-Cilastatin, Ertepenem, Meropenem
Side effect of Carbapenems
CNS toxicity
Reserved for life-threatening infections
Carbapenems
Prolongs action of Imipinem
Cilastatin (inhibit renal metabolism)
Monobactam
Aztreonam
Beta lactamase inhibitor resistant Gram -, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Serratia
Aztreonam
Aztreonam features
Does not cross-react with Penicillin
Resistant to Beta Lactamase
No Gram + or Anaerobe activity
Beta-lactamase producing Hemophilus, E. coli, Neisseria, Streptococcus
Clavulanic Acid
Vancomycin Class
Glycopeptide
MRSA and Pseudomembranous colitis DOC
Vancomycin
Syndrome caused by Vancomycin
Red Man Syndrome
Treatment of Vancomycin side effect
Antihistamines
Bacitracin MOA
Topical drug that inhibit cell wall synthesis of Gram + bacteria only
Antimetabolite that blocks D-Ala incorporation into the pentapeptide side chain of peptidoglycan
Cycloserine
Second line drug for Drug Resistant TB
Cycloserine
Side effect of Cycloserine
Neurotoxicity
More bacteria killed as plasma concentration exceed MIC
Concentration-Dependent Antibacterial Action
Efficacy is dependent on time above MIC
Time-Dependent Antibacterial Action
Concentration-Dependent or Time-Dependent:
Penicillin
Time-Dependent
Concentration-Dependent or Time-Dependent:
Aminoglycoside
Concentration-Dependent
Concentration-Dependent or Time-Dependent:
Cephalosporin
Time-Dependent
Antibacterial effect continues despite absence of measurable plasma level
Post-antibiotic Effect
Drugs that exhibit post-antibiotic effect
Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones