Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Flashcards
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Chloramphenicol side effects
Aplastic Anemia
Gray Baby Syndrome
Infant with meningitis receives Chloramphenicol and develops ashen gray skin, cyanosis and cardiovascular collaps. Labs show decrease in RBC.
Gray Baby Syndrome
Enzyme deficient in infants that metabolize Chloramphenicol
Hepatic glucoronyltransferase
Macrolides
Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Telithromycin
Pneumonia, DPT, Chlamydia
Macrolides
Liquid that should not be ingested with Tetracycline
Milk
Macrolide that does not inhibit CYP450
Azithromycin
Macrolide with highest Vd and slowest elimination
Azithromycin
Macrolide used for Macrolide-resistance
Telithromycin
Lincosamide
Clindamycin, Lincomycin
Anaerobic infections above the diaphragm
Clindamycin
Most common side effect of Clindamycin
Pseudomembranous colitis
Etiology of pseudomembranous colitis as side effect of Clindamycin
Overgrowth of Clostridium Difficile
Cross reacts with Clindamycin
Macrolides
Anaerobic infections below the diaphragm
Metronidazole
Linezolid Class
Oxalidinone
Gram + MRSA, VRSA, VRE, Listeria and Corynebacterium
Linezolid
Gram + MRSA, VRSA, VRE
Streptogrammins
Streptogrammins
Quinupristin-Dalfopristin
Arthralgia-Myalgia Syndrome
Streptogrammins
Multiple drug reactions
Streptogrammins, Linezolid
Tetracycline
Doxycycline, Minocycline, Tigecycline, Demeclocycline
Tetracycline MOA
Blocks attachment of tRNA to acceptor A site
Teratogenic effect of Tetracycline
Tooth enamel dysplasia and discoloration
Broad spectrum Tetracycline
Tigecycline
Tetracycline used for SIADH
Demeclocycline
Lyme, Vibrio, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Helicobacter, Amebiasis, Rickettsia, Malaria
Tetracycline
Aminoglycoside Pharmacokinetics
Must be given IM or IV
Limited tissue perfusion
Renal excretion
Aminoglycoside with the narrowest therapeutic index
Amikacin
Requires oxygen to cause antibacterial effect
Aminoglycosides
MOA of Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
block initiation complex formation
misreading of mRNA code
inhibit translocation
MOA of Aminoglycoside resistance
plasmid-mediated formation of group transferases that act as inactivating enzymes
Aminoglycoside resistant to inactivating enzymes
Amikacin
MOA of Streptomycin resistance
ribosomal binding site changes
Gram (-) Aerobe
E. Coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Serratia
Side effects of Aminoglycosides
Reversible Nephrotoxicity
Irreversible Ototoxicity
Reversible Nephrotoxicity caused by Aminoglycosides
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Most Ototoxic Aminoglycoside
Kanamycin, Amikacin
Most Vestibulotoxic Aminoglycoside
Gentamicin, Tobramycin
Most Nephrotoxic Aminoglycoside
Tobramycin, Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside with Curare-effect
Neomycin
Treatment for Neomycin-induced curare-effect
Calcium Gluconate, Neostigmine
Gentamicin coverage
Gram (-) Aerobe
Amikacin coverage
Gram (-) Aerobe, MDR TB
TB, Tularemia, Bubonic plague, Brucellosis
Streptomycin
Teratogenic effect of Streptomycin
Congenital Deafness
Route of administration of Neomycin
Topical and Oral
Route of administration of Streptomycin
Intramuscular
Neomycin SimD
Kanamycin, Paramomycin
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) DOC
Paramomycin
Side effect of Neomycin
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Drug-resistant Gonorrhea DOC
Spectinomycin