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Nucelic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

A

Antifolate, Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, Nitrofurantoins

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2
Q

Antifolate drugs

A

Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

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3
Q

Short-acting Sulfonamide

A

Sulfisoxazole

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4
Q

Intermediate-acting Sulfonamide

A

Sulfamethoxazole

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5
Q

Long-acting Sulfonamide

A

Sulfadoxine

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6
Q

PABA competing antifolate drug

A

Sulfonamides

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7
Q

Antifolate drug structurally similar to folic acid

A

Trimethoprim

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8
Q

Weakly acidic antifolate drug

A

Sulfonamide

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9
Q

Weakly basic antifolate drug

A

Trimethoprim

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10
Q

High concentrations in vaginal and prostatic fluid

A

Trimethoprim

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11
Q

Inhibited by Sulfonamides

A

Dihydropteroate synthase

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12
Q

Inhibited by Trimethoprim

A

Dihydrofolate reductase

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13
Q

SMX-TMP MOA

A

Sequential blockade of folate synthesis

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14
Q

Antifolate drug that must use preformed folic acid to cause effect

A

Sulfonamide

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15
Q

Antifolate drug resistance MOA

A

Increased PABA production of bacteria
Decreased sensitivity to sulfonamides
Decreased intracellular accumulation of drugs

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16
Q

Silver Sulfadiazine SimD

A

Mafenide Acetate

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17
Q

Sulfonamide with best eschar penetration

A

Silver Sulfadiazine

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18
Q

Precipitated by Sulfonamide use of G6PD patients

A

Acute hemolysis

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19
Q

Co-Trimoxazole coverage

A

Ear, Sinus, Repiratory, Urinary Tract Infections
Pneumocystic carinii
Toxoplasmosis, Nocardiosis, Typhoid, Shigella

20
Q

Most common side effect of Co-trimoxazole

A

Hypersensitivity reactions:

TEN, EM, SJS, PAN, Exfoliative dermatitis

21
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA

A

inhibit topoisomerase II in Gram (-)

inhibit topoisomerase IV in Gram (+)

22
Q

Fluoroquinolone resistance MOA

A

decreased intracellular drug accumulation
change in porin structure
point mutations in antibiotic binding regions

23
Q

First Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Nalidixic acid, Cinaxacin, Rosoxacin

24
Q

Second Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin

25
Q

Third Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Grepafloxacin

26
Q

Fourth Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Moxifloxacin, Trovafloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Gatifloxacin

27
Q

Fluoroquinolones withdrawn from market

A

Grepafloxacin and Gatifloxacin

28
Q

First generation quinolone hypothetical clinical use

29
Q

Second generation quinolone use

A

Gram (-) cocci, Gram (+) cocci

Mycoplasma

30
Q

Third generation quinolone use

A

Gram (+) > Gram (-)

Streptococci, Enterococci

31
Q

Fourth generation quinolone use

A

Broad spectrum - Anaerobes

32
Q

Side effect of Fluoroquinolone

A

Tendinitis and Tendon rupture

33
Q

Contraindication of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin

A

Children and Pregnant

34
Q

Grepafloxin side effect

A

Severe cardiotoxicity

35
Q

Fluoroquinone causing Diabetes

A

Gatifloxacin

36
Q

Hepatotoxic fluoroquinone

A

Trovafloxacin

37
Q

Potentiated by Fluoroquinone

A

Methylxanthines

38
Q

Nitroimidazole drugs

A

Metronidazole, Tinidazole

39
Q

Antiprotozoal drug

A

Metronidazole

40
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Reduce ferredoxin forming free radicals that disrupt ETC

41
Q

Metronidazole use

A

Anaerobic infections below the diaphragm
Vaginitis
Pseudomembranous colitis

42
Q

Nitrofuran drug

A

Nitrofurantoin

43
Q

Forms multiple reactive intermediates when acted upon by bacterial nitrofuran reductase

A

Nitrofurantoin

44
Q

Nitrofurantoin indication

A

UTI except

Proteus and Pseudomonas

45
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis Drugs

A

Bleomycin, Busulfan, Bromocriptine, Amiodarone, Nitrofurantoin, Methotrexate

Pharmacology (31 decks)

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