Local Anesthetics Flashcards
Route of administration of local anesthetics
Topical or Intramuscular
Blockage of sensory transmission from local area of the body to the CNS
Local Anesthesia
Amide or Ester:
Tetracaine
Ester
Amide or Ester:
Procaine
Ester
Amide or Ester:
Benzocaine
Ester
Amide or Ester:
Cocaine
Ester
Amide or Ester:
Bupivacaine
Amide
Amide or Ester:
Ropivacaine
Amide
Amide or Ester:
Lidocaine
Amide
Local anesthetic with shortest half life
Procaine
Local anesthetic with longest half life
Ropivacaine
Local anesthetic MOA
Na channel, voltage gated, blocked
Prevents depolarization
T/F: Local anesthetics are weak acids
False. Local anesthetics are weake bases that undergo dissociation
State-dependent blockade of ion channels
Activated state > Inactivated state > Resting state
Use-dependent blockade of ion channels
Rapidly firing > Slow firing
Electrolyte abnormality that enhances local anesthetic activity
Hyperkalemia
Electrolyte abnormality that antagonize local anesthetic activity
Hypercalcemia
All local anesthetics are vasodilators except:
Cocaine (vasoconstrictor)
Procaine SimD
Novocaine
Benzocaine SimD
Butamben
Additional and unique MOA of Cocaine
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
Local anesthetic that is a drug of abuse
Cocaine
Other uses of Tetracaine aside from local anesthesia
Epidural anesthesia, Spinal anesthesia, Ophthalmic anesthesia
Local anesthesia with antiarryhthmic effects
Lidocaine
Toxic side effect of Lidocaine
Seizures
Normal dose of Lidocaine
5 mg/kg
Local anesthetic used for dental procedures
Prilocaine
Dreaded side effect of local anesthetic used for dental procedures
Methemoglobinemia (Prilocaine)
Other uses of Bupivacaine aside from local anesthesia
Epidural anesthesia, Intrathecal anesthesia
Anesthetics which cause antibody formation
Local anesthesia
Local amide anesthetic which cause severe cardiotoxicitiy
Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine
Treatment for local anesthetic induced cardiotoxicity
Intralipid - fat emulsion (used in TPN)
SE of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine
Local anesthetic contraindicated in intravenous local anesthesia
Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine
Other use of Ropivacaine aside from local anesthesia
Epidural anesthesia
