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Revise Radiology Qs Notes > Revise Radiology Genitourinary > Flashcards

Revise Radiology Genitourinary Flashcards

1
Q

Wedge shaped hypodensities in kidneys on cortical phase

A

Renal infarct

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2
Q

Cortical rim sign

A

Renal infarct

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3
Q

Thickened endometrium on breast cancer treatment

A

Tamoxifen induced changes

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4
Q

Small painless bumps on face and neck, spontaneous pneumothorax, renal tumours

A

Birt-Hogg-Dube

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5
Q

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

A

Thickening and hardening of skin and subcutaneous tissues
Joint stiffness and pain
Associated with chronic renal failure and exposure to gadolinium

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6
Q

Testis MRI appearance

A

Intermediate on T1, high on T2, avid diffusion restriction

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7
Q

Urethral injury classification

A

Goldman:
Type 1: Stretching of the posterior urethra
Type 2: Posterior urethral injury ABOVE urogenital diaphragm
Type 3: Injury to membranous urethra, extending into proximal bulbous (laceration of urogenital diaphragm)
Type 4: Bladder base injury involving neck, extending into proximal urethra
Type 4a: Bladder base not involving bladder neck (identical to type 4 on imaging)
Type 5: Anterior urethral injury (isolated)

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8
Q

Round hyperintense T2 lesion lateral to external urethral meatus

A

Skene duct cyst

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9
Q

MEN features

A

1: PPP (Primary = 1)
Pituitary
Parathyroid
Pancreatic islet cell
2A: PPM
Phaeo
Parathyroid
Medullary thyroid
2B: PMM
Phaeochromocytoma
Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Mucosal Neuromas/Marfanoid

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10
Q

Phaeochromocytoma MRI

A

High T2, avid enhancement, rarely calcify

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11
Q

Node involvement in bladder cancer

A

Obturator, presacral, internal and external iliac are regional.
Common iliac are distant mets

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12
Q

Lobar parenchymal calcifications, thick calcified ureter with structure

A

Genitourinary TB

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13
Q

Most common association with horseshoe kidney

A

Turner syndrome

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14
Q

Cervical cancer MRI

A

Cancer is T2 intense, which differentiates it from hypointense stroma

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15
Q

Commonest vaginal tumour in children

A

Vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma

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16
Q

Adrenal washout

A

Absolute:
(PV-Delayed)/(PV-Unenhanced)
>60% suggests adenoma
Relative:
(PV-Delayed)/PV
>40% suggests adenoma

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17
Q

Commonest genital outflow abnormality

A

Imperforate hymen

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18
Q

Homogenous hypoechoic round mass replacing entire testicle

A

Seminoma

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19
Q

Normal prostate MRI

A

Peripheral zone enhances more than central zone

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20
Q

Testicular rupture vs fracture

A

Rupture:
Disrupted tubica albuginea.
Heterogenous testicle.
Poorly defined testicular outline
Fracture
Intact tunica albuginea.
Linear hypoechoic band across testicle
Well defined testicular outline

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21
Q

Pelvic fractures typically cause (bladder)

A

Extraperitoneal rupture

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22
Q

Syndrome associated AML vs sporadic

A

Syndromic (TS) tend to be multiple/bilateral

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23
Q

Testicular neoplasm doppler

A

Usually shows normal or increased vascularity

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24
Q

Hairy kidney and coated aorta sign

A

Erdheim Chester disease

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25
Q

Ix for post traumatic assessment of bladder injury

A

CT cystography

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26
Q

Pelvic fractures and urethral injries

A

Posterior is more common, seen in up to 20% of pelvic fractures in males.
Males > Females

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27
Q

Smooth, oblong mobile filling defect in the renal pelvis

A

Fibroepithelial polyp

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28
Q

Poorly defined hypoechoic or hyperechoic areas in renal parenchyma.
Low density on CT, extending from medulla to cortex

A

Lobar nephronia

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29
Q

Clubbed calyces, calcifications, altered renal contour

A

Papillary necrosis

30
Q

Goblet shape on CT IVP

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

31
Q

Bosniak cysts

A

1: Thin wall, no septa, calc, enhancement
2: Few septa or thin calcifications
2F: Minimally thickened, smooth walls, thicker/nodular calcification
3: Thickened, irregular walls or enhancing septa
4: Enhancing soft tissue component independent of wall or septum

32
Q

Phantom calyx

A

Infundibulum stenosis causes lack of opacification,
Suggests renal TB

33
Q

Very FDG avid retroperitoneal lesion

A

Hibernoma

34
Q

Thin cortical calcification and tramlines on unenhanced CT

A

Renal cortical necrosis

35
Q

Ix for PUJ obstruction

A

Diuretic renography

36
Q

Renal cyst with uniform wall thickening

A

Bosniak 3

37
Q

Thickened endometrium on US, next step

A

Biopsy

38
Q

CT protocol for ?pyelonephritis

A

Split bolus arterial and nephrogenic phase (80-100 seconds)

39
Q

Vesicoureteric reflux grading

A

Grade I: reflux into non dilated ureter
Grade II: Reflux into non dilated renal pelvis
Grade III: Reflux into renal pelvis with mild-moderate dilatation of ureter and pelvis
Grade IV: Moderately dilated ureter and pelvis with blunting of fornices
Grade V: Reflux into grossly dilated ureter and pelvis with tortuosity and loss of papillary impressions

40
Q

Medial deviation of right ureter

A

Retrocaval ureter

41
Q

Tramline calcification of cortices with increased echogenicity of kidneys

A

Acute cortical necrosis

42
Q

Polypoid mass in bladder resembling bunch of grapes (child)

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

43
Q

MRI sequence to distinguish clot from calculus

A

T1 (clot is hyperintense)

44
Q

Ureteritis cystica Rx

A

Treat underlying infection

45
Q

Which testis is more susceptible to blunt trauma

A

Right (higher up)

46
Q

Normal MRI penis enhancement

A

Corpus spongiosum enhances more rapidly than cavernosa

47
Q

Contrast extending into perineum on cystography

A

Implies complex extraperitoneal bladder rupture

48
Q

Septum extending through the cervix and vagina

A

Septate uterus

49
Q

Vaginal surgery increases risk of

A

Rectocele

50
Q

Upper pole moeity in duplex system usually…

A

…ends in ureterocele

51
Q

Commonest site of BPH nodules

A

Transitional zone

52
Q

Features of adrenal cortical carcinoma

A

Central necrosis
Calcifications
Cushing’s syndrome

53
Q

Acute flank pain, flank mass, hypovolaemic shock

A

Winderluch syndrome

54
Q

Plaques within tunica albuginea

A

Peyronie’s disease

55
Q

lesion centred in tunica albuginea with extension into testicular parenchyma

A

Adenomatoid tumour

56
Q

Hyperechoic renal medullae with cysts

A

Medullary sponge kidney

57
Q

retroperitoneal air may indicate

A

Pulmonary injuries

58
Q

Adrenal lesion <10HU unenhanced

A

Suggests benign

59
Q

Septate vs bicornate uterus

A

Septate has normal external fundal contour

60
Q

Commonest congenital uterine abnormality

A

Septate uteruus

61
Q

Commonest urinary tract cancer

A

TCC

62
Q

Commonest site of TCC

A

Bladder, then renal pelvis

63
Q

Leukoplakia vs malakoplakia

A

Malakoplakia involves ureters and is less common in men

64
Q

Fluid collection 6 weeks post renal transplant. Bloods OK

A

Lymphocele

65
Q

Mass forming from an organ with have x angles with it

A

Acute

66
Q

paintbrush appearance

A

Medullary sponge kidney

67
Q

PIRADS 4 vs 5

A

PIRADS 5 >1.5cm

68
Q

t2 dark ring disrupted

A

Suggests parametrial invasion, stage 2B, needs chemo/radio

69
Q

swiss cheese appearance in prostate

A

Prostate abscess

70
Q

Purpose of ultrasound in neonate with ?VACTERL

A

Assess genitourinary defects

71
Q

PCOS US diagnosis

A

Twelve or more follicles (3-12mm) in an ovary.
Ovarian volume >10ml when no follicles over 10mm

Revise Radiology Qs Notes (60 decks)

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