Imaging SBAs Unit 4 Flashcards
Enhancement curve comparison
After the initial enhancement:
Type 1: Persistent enhancement curve
Type 2: Sharp bend and plateau
Type 3: Decline and washout
Type 1 is benign
US features of malignant breast lesion
Spiculation,
Angular margins,
Hypoechogenicity,
Calcification,
Shadowing,
Duct extension,
Branch pattern,
Microlobulation
US features of benign breast lesion
Hyperechogenicity,
Ellipsoid shape,
Gentle bi or tri lobulations,
Thin echogenic capsule
19YO, mobile firm mass in peripheral breast. Ill defined on US
Juvenile Papillomatosis
Concerned woman, sister (both young) has b/l breast Ca. Next Ix
Genetic testing for both
US features of pathological lymph node (axilla)
Thickened, bulging cortex,
Dimished hilum,
Hyperaemic hilum on doppler,
Cortical blood flow
Echogenic medulla on US, normal cortex
Medullary sponge kidney
MRI signal characteristics for urothelial bladder cancer
Iso T1, Iso T2
Newly diagnosed renal tract TCC, next step (before treatment)
Upper tract TCC: Cystoscopy to evaluate lower tracts
Lower tract TCC: CT urography to evaluate upper tracts
Renal injury grading
1: Subcapsular haematoma and/or contusion, without laceration
2: Superficial laceration <1cm, not involving collecting system.
Perirenal haematoma confined to perirenal fascia
3: Laceration >1cm, not involving collecting system
Vascular injury or bleeding confined within perirenal fascia
4: Laceration involving collecting system with urinary extravasation.
Active bleeding beyond renal fascia.
Segmental infarctions without associated bleeding
5: Shattered kidney
Neonate with megaureter, otherwise normal MCUG. next step:
DMSA to assess renal function
Enlarged kidney with high amplitude echos in the parenchyma
Emphysematous pyelonephritis
Relevance of renal cyst size in VHL
No correlation between cyst size and number and malignant potential
Underlying pathology of intraperitoneal bladder rupture
Blunt trauma causing tear in bladder dome
Diffusely hypoechoic testis with thickening of tunica albuginea and scrotal wall
Testicular TB. Get CXR
Hydronephrosis with no focal lesion on US, pyuria and microscopic haematuria
Renal TB, can cause ureteric strictures
Endometrial cancer MRI
Iso to myometrium on T1, Hypointense to endometrium on T2
Ovarian mucinous vs serous cystadenoma
Serous:
Can be uni or multilocular
More often bilateral
More often cause peritoneal carcinomatosis
Mucinous:
Multilocular,
Larger than serous,
Can cause pseudomyxoma peritonei
FIGO staging of ovarian cancer
1: limited to one or both ovaries
2: Extra-ovarian spread limited to pelvis
3: Diffuse peritoneal involving upper abdomen
4: distant mets including hepatic lesions
Ix for evaluation pre-myomectomy
HSG
3rd trimester bleeding, placenta near to or overlying cervical os
Placenta previa
Endometrial carcinoma vs hyperplasia, Ix
Difficult to distinguish on MRI.
Needs biopsy
MRI sequence for uterine zonal anatomy
T2 coronal or perpendicular to long axis of uterus
