Imaging SBAs Unit 5 Flashcards
Round pneumonia may not feature
Air bronchograms
Prenatal US, large cystic area with normal cerebellum but no cortical mantle
Hydrancephaly
VACTERL
Vertebral defects (hemivertebrae, segmentation faults, bony bars, scoliosis)
Anorectal anomalies (anal atresia)
Cardiac anomalies and Cleft palate
TracheoEsophageal fistula/oesophageal atresia
Radial ray (thumb) and Renal abnormalities
Limb abnormalities
Abnormality on pelvic US in female (child), next step
MRI (TV US generally avoided in kids)
Cystic nephroma features
Surrounding claw of normally enhancing renal parenchyma,
Septal enhancement
Corresponding photopaenic area on DMSA,
Herniation of cysts into renal pelvis and proximal ureter
Normal prepubertal uterus size
Fundal AP <1cm,
CC length 2.5-4cm
Neuroblastoma staging imaging
CT chest,
MRI head, neck, abdomen, pelvis,
MIBG scintigraphy,
sometimes also 99mTC skeletal scintigraphy
Urachus anatomy
Anteriosuperior dome of bladder to umbilicus
2 uterine horns with no communication between them
Uterine didelphys
Uterine congenital anomalies
Didelphis: Complete uterine duplication/
2 cervices, 2 uteri, 2 upper 1/3 vagina
Bicornate: Can be unicollis (1 cervix) or bicolllis (2 cervices)
Uterus separated by deep myometrial cleft. Fundal contour less than 5mm above ostia (often below)
Septate uterus:
Most common, causes fertility issues.
Fundal contour is normal (>5mm above ostia)
Arcuate: Milk smooth concavity of fundus, considered normal variant
Billiary atresia can have
Normal gallbladder
Meds used for Meckels scan
Pentagastrin, Glucagon, Cimetidine
Annular pancreas causes (kids)
Duodenal stenosis (not necessarily complete obstruction)
Child UTI Imaging guidance
Under 6 months:
Responds well to treatment: US within 6 weeks
Atypical or recurrent: US acutely, MCUG and DMSA within 4-6 months.
6mo-3yrs:
Atypical: US acutely and DMSA 4-6 months.
Recurrent: US 6 weeks and DMSA 4-6 months.
3yrs+:
Atypical: US acutely
Recurrent: US 6 weeks and DMSA 4-6 months
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome associated with
Coarctation in 80% of cases
Aneurysmal bone cyst Rx
Pre-op selective arterial embolisation and complete resection
Normal angles of mature hip on US
alpha >60 (angle between straight lateral edge of ileum and bony acetabular margin)
Beta <77 (angle between straight lateral edge of ilium and fibrocartilaginous margin)
Abnormal hip angles comparison
Alpha <60, beta >77: Dysplastic hips
Alpha >60 (normal), Beta >77: Decentered, subluxed hip
Alpha <60, Beta <77 (normal): deficient bony acetabulum
First line Ix for intussusception
Abdo USS
Commonest congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Bochladek (can occur on right too)
Bilious vomiting, redcurrant jelly stools, 2YO
Midgut volvulus with subsequent vascular compromise, needs urgent upper GI
Pulmonary oligaemia, elevated apex.
Right atrial enlargement and tricuspid regurg
Ebstein anomaly
Aggressive, permeative metaphyseal lesion with fluid-fluid levels
Telangectatic osteosarcoma
Horizontal bronchi and wide carina
Polysplenia/left heterotaxia
Irregular sella mass with high T1, High T2, enhancement and T2* drop out
Craniopharyngioma (adamantinomatous (kid) type with calcifications)
Anterior neck lump near thyroid cartilage, not moving on tongue protrusion
(atypical) thyroglossal cyst
Dandy walker malformation vs variant
Variant: Only partial vermian hypoplasia, non-enlarged posterior fossa and non-displaced tentorium
Cyanosis at birth, flattened pulmonary arteries
Tricuspid atresia
Commonest type of tracheo-oesophageal fistula
Type C (Proximal atresia, distal fistula)
Soft tissue density mass in mediastinum, compressing major airway
Bronchogenic cyst
