Respiratory 1 - Lung Cancer Flashcards
3 most common UK cancers
lung prostate breast
define the subsections of lung cancers
non small cell
- squamous
- adenocarcinoma
^ the majority, 75% ish
small cell
paraneoplastic and worse prognosis
summarise signs and symptoms of lung cancer
SOB cough haemoptysis finger clubbing recurrent pneumonia weight loss supraclavicular LNs
4 signs of lung cancer on CXR
hilar enlargement
peripheral opacity
unilateral pleural effusion
collapse
3 further investigations needed once lung cancer identified
staging CT CAP contrast enhanced
PET-CT for metastasis
bronchoscopy + biospy
compare treatment for non-small cell and small cell cancers
non small cells
- surgical removal +/- radiotherapy
small cell
- chemotherapy + radiotherapy
worse prognosis
can do endobronchial stents or debulking palliatively
4 possible conditions caused by lung cancer compressing a structure + describe them
recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy - hoarse voice
phrenic nerve palsy - weak diaphragm + SOB
SVCO - facial swelling, difficulty breathing, distended veins upper neck /chest +/- Pemberton’s sign
Horner’s syndrome - Pancoast apical tumour compressing symp ganglion. ptosis anhydrosis miosis
5 paraneoplastic syndromes from lung cancer + describe them
SIADH - hyponat small cell
Cushing’s - ectopic ACTH small cell
hypercalc - ectopic PTH from squamous
limbic encephalitis - autoimmune attack of brain limbic system, small cell. memory prob, conf, seizures, halluc
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, small cell - fatiguable. diplopia, ptosis, slurring, dysphagia
give details of Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Abs attack presynaptic voltage gated calcium channels
weakness in proximal muscles +/-
diplopia
ptosis
dysphagia
slurred speech
not fatiguable
paraneo
often concom lung ca
mesothelioma
massive lag time from asbestos exposure
pleural cancer
palliative chemotherapy
