Ophthalmology 14 - Retinal Vessel Occlusions + Retinitis Pigmentosa

Question 1

retinal vein occlusion

Answer 1

occurs when clot blocks

the vein runs through the optic nerve

Question 2

risk factors for retinal vein occlusion

Answer 2

all metabolic syndrome risk factors

Question 3

fundoscopy x3 of retinal vein occlusion

Answer 3

flame, blot haemorrhages
optic disc oedema
macular oedema

Question 4

other testing aside from fundo for retinal vein occlusion

Answer 4

hx

FBC, ESR, BP, glucose

Question 5

management of retinal vein occlusion

Answer 5

immediate referral

laser photocoagulation, intravitreal steroids, anti VEGF

Question 6

central retinal artery

Answer 6

branch of ophthalamic which is branch of internal carotid

Question 7

higher risk of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 7

metabolic risk factors

giant cell arteritis

Question 8

presentation of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 8

sudden painless vision loss
RAPD (constricts more in affected eye when light shone in the other)
pale retina with cherry red spot on fundoscopy

Question 9

management central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 9

refer
treat any GCA

ocular massage
remove anterior chamber fluid to reduce pressure on clot
inhale carbogen to dilate artery
sublingual GTN

(trying to dislodge clot)

Question 10

what is retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 10

congenital condition

rods and cones degenerate

Question 11

presentation of retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 11

night blindness

peripheral vision lost then central vision lost

Question 12

fundoscopy retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 12

pigmentation and bone spicule pigmentation

most concentrated around mid peripheral zone

there are some associated genetic syndromes too

Question 13

management of retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 13

refer
counsel
vision aids
sunglasses to protect
DVLA
follow up 

little treatment as yet