Ophthalmology 4 - Diabetic Retinopathy

Question 1

diabetic retinopathy cause

Answer 1

hyperglycaemia damages vessels and increases their permeability

also damages retinal nerve fibres

Question 2

classify diabetic retinopathy

Answer 2

non-proliferative and proliferative retinopathy

or diabetic maculopathy

Question 3

non proliferative diabetic retinopathy fundoscopy findings

Answer 3

mild - microaneurysms
mod - + blot haemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, venous bleeding
sev - + in all 4 quadrants, intraretinal microvascular abnormality

Question 4

proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer 4

neovascularisation

vitreous haemorrhage

Question 5

diabetic maculopathy

Answer 5

macular oedema

ischaemic maculopathy

Question 6

complications of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 6

retinal detachment
vitreous bleeds
rebeosis iridis (new blood vessel formation in the iris)
optic neuropathy
cataracts

Question 7

management of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 7

laser photocoagulation
anti VEGF meds
vitreoretinal surgery