Infectious Diseases 10 - Gastroenteritis Flashcards
define gastroenteritis
gastritis - vomiting / nausea
enteritis - diarrhoea
in combo
3 viral causes of gastroenteritis
rotavirus
norovirus
adenovirus (rarer and more subacute)
E coli gastroenteritis
various subtypes
E coli 0157 is notable for producing Shiga toxin and causing haemolytic uraemic syndrome
why should antibiotics be avoided if you suspect E coli gastroenteritis?
increases the risk of haemolytic uraemic syndrome
camplyobacter gastroenterits
traveller’s diarrhoea
food poisoning / uncooked
incubation 2-5 days, resolves in less than 1 week
abdo cramp
bloody diarrhoea
vomiting
fever
if at risk can give azithro
shigella gastroenteritis
contaminated water, pools, food
incubation 1-2 days
resolves in a week
bloody diarrhoea
cramps
fever
Shiga toxin + HUS
azitrho
salmonella gastroenteritis
raw eggs, poultry, food
0.5 - 3 days incubation
resolves 1 weeks
watery diarrhoea
abdo pain
vom
bacillus cereus gastroenteritis
symptoms following eating leftover fried rice left out of fridge
24 hour bug
yersinia gastroenteritis
raw undercooked pork
usually affects kids
bloody diarrhoea, abdo pain, fever, LNs
4-7 days incubation
what may yersinia gastroenteritis present as in older children + adults?
right sided abdo pain
mesenteric adenitis + fever
mimics appendicits
staph aureus gastroenteritis
enterotoxin, grows on food
settles in 24 hrs
giardiasis
parasite / cysts in contaminated food
offensive floating stool
flatulence
metronidazole
general priniciples of managing gastroenteritis
good hygiene barrier nursing faces MC+S dehydration asessment fluid challenge - dioralyte if can't hold fluids, IV fluids start with light diet
off work until 48 hrs no symptoms
avoid loperamide + antiemetics! especially bloody diarrhoea/high fever
4 post gastroenteritis complications
lactose intolerance
IBS
reactive arthritis
Guillain Barre syndrome
