Renal 1 - Acute Kidney Injury

Question 1

define 3 different criteria for an AKI

Answer 1

creatinine rise >25 in 48 hrs

doubling in creat in 7 days

urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr for 6hrs+

Question 2

risk factors for AKI

Answer 2

any surgical or acutely ill patients

CKD
HF
diabetes 
liver disease 
65 yrs+
nephrotoxic meds
CT contrast
cognitive impairment

Question 3

structuring causes of AKI

Answer 3

pre renal

renal

post renal

Question 4

pre renal causes of AKI x 3

Answer 4

dehydration

hypotension

heart failure

(lack of blood supply)

Question 5

renal causes of AKI x 3

Answer 5

glomerulonephritis

interstitial nephritis

acute tubular necrosis

Question 6

post renal causes of AKI x 4

Answer 6

kidney stones
abdominal cancers
ureteric strictures
enlarged prostate

Question 7

investigating AKI

Answer 7

urinalysis

leuko + nitrites - infection
protein + blood - acute nephritis
glucose - diabetes

ultrasound if post renal considered

Question 8

managing AKI x 3

Answer 8

fluid rehydration + maintenance
strop nephrotoxic / antihypertensive meds
relieve any obstructions

treat cause if known

Question 9

4 complications of AKI

Answer 9

hyperkalaemia
fluid overload, HF, PO
metabolic acidosis
uraemia (enceph,pericarditis)